Exam 4 Practice

Microbiology Lecture

______ cells are the effectors of the humoral immunity.

 

Null

B

T

Both T and B are correct

B

________________ is the first antibiotic for the treatment of fungal infections.

 

Nystatin

Bacitracin

Amphotericin B

Neomycin

Polymyxin

Nystatin

_______________ has(have) a slightly broader antimicrobial spectrum than the other tetracyclines.

 

Oxytetracycline and Chlortetracycline

Minocycline

Oxytetracycline and Minocycline

Chlortetracycline

Oxytetracycline

Minocycline

______ cells are the first to recognize the graft as foreign.

Cytolytic T

Suppressor T

Helper T

Helper T

______ are more effective against pathogens found outside the cells.

 

Immune cells

Antigens

Antibodies

Null cells

Antibodies

Blood type _________ has/creates no antibodies.

 

A

AB

O

B

AB

_______________ is a synthetic antibacterial agent used to treat tuberculosis.

 

Trimethoprim

Isoniazid

Nitrofurans

Quinolone

Isoniazid

____________ acts on the sterol components of a membrane.

 

Polymyxin

Neomycin

Bacitracin

Nystatin

Nystatin

_______________ is used to treat urinary tract infections by inhibiting protein synthesis.

 

Nitrofurans

Quinolone

Trimethoprim

Isoniazid

Nitrofurans

Which disease would be most similar to AIDS in its pathology?

ADA deficiency

DiGeorge syndrome

SCID

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

DiGeorge syndrome

_______________ type hypersensitivity functions to kill virus-infected or tumor cells.

 

Immune complex

Immediate

Delayed

Cytolytic

Complement-mediated

Delayed

___________ was the first lab-synthesized chemical that could cure a disease without poisoning the patient.

 

Penicillin

Salvarsan

Prontosil

Sulfonamides

Salvarsan

_____________ is the abnormal development of thymus.

 

SCID

DiGeorge Syndrome

Agammaglobulinemia

DiGeorge Syndrome

______ refers to the grafts from genetically identical individuals.

 

Allograft

Isograft

Autograft

Heterograft

Isograft

Type II hypersensitivities are due to:

 

activation of cytotoxic T cells

IgG-allergen complexes that clog epithelial tissues

complement-induced lysis of cells in the presence of antibodies

IgE reacting with mast cells

complement-induced lysis of cells in the presence of antibodies

_______________ causes the mucous secretion of asthmatic individuals.

 

Prostaglandin

Bradykinin

Leukotriene

Serotonin

Leukotriene

_______________ refers to the clumping of Red Blood cells.

 

Complement Fixation

Hemagglutination

Bacterial Agglutination

Precipitation

Hemagglutination

The Precipitin Ring test is ___________.

 

Quantitative

Qualitative

Qualitative

Type __________ hypersensitivity could cause autoimmunity.

 

II

III

I

IV

III

Which of the following is not a heavy chain?

 

Gamma

Alpha

Epsilon

Kappa

Kappa

______ is a measurement of the relative amount of immunoglobulin in the serum.

 

gamma globulin

antibody titer

secretory antibody

blast formation

antibody titer

During an immune response, T cells recognize the ______ of an antigen.

 

Carrier

Fab

Fc

Epitope

Carrier

______ cells give rise to a state of immune tolerance.

 

B

Suppressor T

Helper T

Null

Suppressor T

______________ inhibits transcription of DNA into mRNA.

 

Rifamycin

Tetracycline

Streptomycin

Chloramphenicol

Erythromycin

Rifamycin

Particulate antigens with epitopes on their surfaces may be cross-linked by specific antibodies to form large clumps, called the ___________ process.

 

Agglutination

Precipitation

Complement Fixation

Enzyme Activity

Agglutination

The most common Type ______ Hypersensitivity is blood transfusion.

 

I

II

IV

III

II

Vaccination is synonymous with_______ immunity.

 

artificial passive

natural active

natural passive

artificial active

artificial active

Histamine causes __________ of smooth muscle layers of small bronchi and intestines.

 

Relaxation

Dilation 

Constriction

Constriction

The systemic type III allergic reactions are called:

 

Serum Sickness

Atopic Dermatitis

Arthus

Anaphylaxis

Serum Sickness

______________ complements Histamine action, and diminishes CNS activity.

 

Leukotriene

Bradykinin

Prostaglandin

Serotonin

Serotonin

In agglutination reactions, the antigen is a ______; in precipitation reactions, it is a _______.

 

protein, carbohydrate

soluble molecule, whole cell

whole cell, soluble molecule

bacterium, virus

whole cell, soluble molecule

Drugs that prevent the formation of the bacterial cell wall are:

 

beta-lactams

tetracyclines

quinolones

aminoglycosides

beta-lactams

A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of:

 

autoimmunity

acute contact dermatitis

a delayed-type allergy

eczema

a delayed-type allergy

___________ combines the speed of Electrophoresis with quantification of antigen of the Mancini Method.

 

Electroimmunoassay

Precipitin Ring test

Immunoelectrophoresis

Radial Immunodiffusion

Electroimmunoassay

Hemolysis of newborns RBC occurs when the mothers Rh is _____ and the fathers Rh is _______

 

Positive; positive

Negative; positive

Positive; negative

Negative; negative

Negative; positive

Which of the following is not a lymphoid tissue?

 

thyroid gland

Spleen

Lymph Nodes

GALT

thyroid gland

In humans, B cells mature in the ______ and T cells mature in the ______

 

GALT, liver

bone marrow, thymus

lymph nodes, spleen

bursa, thymus

bone marrow, thymus

______ refers to the grafts from different species.

 

Xenograft

Isograft

Allograft

Autograft

Xenograft

Pollen is which type of allergen?

 

inhalant

ingestant

contactant

injectant

inhalant

The contact with allergen that results in symptoms is called the

 

desensitizing dose

provocative dose

degranulation dose

sensitizing dose

provocative dose

The cross-linkage of antigens by antibodies is known as

 

a cross-reaction

complement fixation

agglutination

opsonization

agglutination

Which type of cell actually secretes antibodies?

 

monocytes

plasma cells

T cells

macrophages

plasma cells

______ is the first class of antibody to be produced in response to an antigen.

 

IgE

IgG

IgM

IgA

IgD

IgM

What is included in GALT?

 

Breast Lymph Nodes

Peyer's patches

Tonsils

Thymus

Peyer's patches

______________ is a potent inhibitor of penicillinase.

 

Clavulonic Acid

Methicillin

Pheneticillin

Penicillin G

Clavulonic Acid

Each antibody class is defined by the class of its ______

 

light chain

epitope

carrier

heavy chain

heavy chain

Type ________ hypersensitivity involves a combined response to soluble antigens leading to neutralization and clearance of the antigen.

 

I

III

IV

II

III

A cytokine that stimulates the activity of B and T cells is

 

interleukin-2

interleukin-1

lymphotoxin

opsonin

interleukin-2

______ is the portion of an antigen that reacts with antibodies.

 

Epitope

Carrier

Fc

Fab

Epitope

______ provides humoral immunity in mucous secretions.

 

IgA

IgD

IgG

IgM

IgE

IgA

The core structure of ____________ resembles the structure of PABA.

 

Sulfonamides

Nitrofurans

Isoniazid

Trimethoprim

Sulfonamides

________________ has a tendency to cause Aplastic Anemia.

 

Neomycin

Chloramphenicol

Amphotericin B

Thienamycin

Bacitracin

Chloramphenicol

An example of a type III immune complex disease is:

 

atopy

contact dermatitis

serum sickness

graft rejection

serum sickness

______________ is the most toxic Aminoglycoside antibiotic.

 

Streptomycin

Neomycin

Erythromycin

Thienamycin

Chloramphenicol

Neomycin

__________ blocks the translation at its initial step.

 

Rifamycin

Chloramphenicol

Tetracycline

Streptomycin

Streptomycin

Which allergies are T cell-mediated?

 

type I

type III

type IV

type II

type IV

__________ is a polypeptide antibiotic which causes severe toxicity in the host when administered internally.

 

Neomycin

Amphotericin B

Nystatin

Polymyxin

Bacitracin

Polymyxin

Which reaction requires complement?

 

hemagglutination

hemolysis

toxin neutralization

precipitation

hemolysis

_______________ is the natural antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis.

 

Cephalosporin

Streptomycin

Neomycin

Erythromycin

Streptomycin

_____ T cells assist in the functions of certain B cells and other T cells.

 

Cytotoxic

Natural Killer

Sensitized

Helper

Helper

The greatest concentration of antibodies is found in the fraction of the serum.

 

albumin

alpha globulin

beta globulin

gamma globulin

gamma globulin

______________ is the most profuse and the fastest acting mediator in type I hypersensitivity.

 

Prostaglandin

Serotonin

Histamine

Bradykinin

Leukotriene

Histamine

The ______ of an antigen determines its specificity.

 

Carrier

Fab

Fc

Epitope

Epitope

Erythema and Edema are the most common symptoms of Type _______ hypersensitivity.

 

III

II

IV

I

I

_______________ is a semisynthetic penicillin that is resistant to penicillinase.

 

Clavulonic Acid

Methicillin

Pheneticillin

Penicillin G

Methicillin

_______________ is involved in blood clotting and chemotaxis.

 

Bradykinin

Leukotriene

Prostaglandin

Serotonin

Histamine

Bradykinin

_______________ prevents the assembly of amino acids into protein chains.

 

Erythromycin

Streptomycin

Tetracycline

Rifamycin

Erythromycin

Sulfonamide drugs initially disrupt which process?

 

protein synthesis

transcription

PABA synthesis

folic acid synthesis

folic acid synthesis

_______________ type hypersensitivity is the most common form of allergy.

 

Cytolytic

Complement-mediated

Immune complex

Delayed

Immediate

Immediate

The primary B-cell receptor is:

 

IgE

IgG

IgD

IgA

IgD

R factors are ______ that contain a code for ______.

 

genes, replication

transposons, interferon

plasmids, conjugation

plasmids, drug resistance

plasmids, drug resistance