Visual Experience Exam 2

Final Drawing

A drawing intended as a finished artwork.

Preparatory Drawing

A drawing made to plan or develop another artwork. What they intend the final art to be. (Sketches)

Cartoon

A full-scale preparatory drawing for a larger artwork.

Metalpoint

A drawing technique using a metal stylus on a prepared surface.

Graphite

A carbon-based drawing material commonly used in pencils.

Silverpoint (Medium Point)

A dry drawing medium using a silver stylus on a prepared surface. Surface would rip if not using a shroud, leaves tiny flecks.

Painting

Pigment is color, medium is the smoothness of the color.

Matrix

A surface used to produce an impression in printmaking.

Indirect Process

A method in which an image is transferred from a matrix to another surface.

Art of Multiples

Art produced in multiple impressions or copies from a common matrix.

Ghost Print

A faint second impression made from ink remaining on a matrix.

Relief

A printmaking method in which raised surfaces carry ink.

Intaglio

A printmaking method in which ink is held in incised grooves.

Lithography

A printmaking method based on the resistance between grease and water.

Serigraphy

A printmaking method that forces ink through a stenciled screen.

Monotype

A unique print made from an image on an unworked surface.

Vehicle

The liquid component that carries pigment in paint.

Buon Fresco

Painting with water-based pigments on wet plaster.

Fresco Secco

Painting on dry plaster.

Giornata

The area of wet plaster painted for one day's fresco work. (A day's Work)

Encaustic

A painting medium using pigment mixed with heated wax, very durable.

Tempera

A painting medium using pigment mixed with a binder, traditionally egg yolk.

Oil

A painting medium using pigment bound in drying oil. Very vibrant colors and can capture detail.

Acrylic

A fast-drying painting medium using pigment in an acrylic polymer binder. Very easy to use more water or less can change art.

Watercolor

A painting medium using pigment in a water-soluble binder. Is messy, muddy, but can be controlled in specific ways.

Sculpture

Sculpture has depth and has actual weight, can have texture as well. (3D)

Bas Relief

Sculpture in which forms project are attached to the background. (Pops out)

Haut Relief

The natural depth is from the background; some parts can be separated from the background. High relief to make it look closer.

Free-Standing

Sculpture that stands independently and can be viewed from multiple sides.

Subtractive Process

Creating sculpture by removing material from a larger mass.

Additive Process (Sculpture)

Creating sculpture by building up or joining materials.

Additive Process (Modeling)

Shaping a pliable material into a sculptural form.

Additive Process (Casting)

Creating a form by pouring material into a mold and letting it harden.

Lost Wax Technique

A casting method in which a wax model is melted out of a mold.

Neolithic Architecture

No writing was created yet, a time when an opening in a roof and a ladder was used to get inside. Area would be decorated with paintings.

Egyptian Architecture

A monumental stone tomb built for a pharaoh, used stone to make things last longer. Used cut stone, cutting stone to fit in areas perfectly. Shoveled underneath sand to reveal the bedrock.

Mastaba

An ancient Egyptian tomb with a flat roof and sloping sides.

Pylon Temple

An Egyptian temple entered through a monumental gateway with massive sloping towers.

Greek Architecture

Ancient Greek architecture known for columned temples. Using columns such as spiral (Ionic), Plant like (Carithian), and normal (Daric), some were either Drums (Sections) or Flutes (Smooth). Optical illusion to create order.

Caryatids

Sculpted female figures used as architectural supports. Three or more and was outside and ionic.

Stoa

A covered walkway or portico with a colonnade, found in ancient Greece. Acted like a mall and walls were created with columns.

Roman Architecture

Ancient Roman architecture known for concrete construction to mold buildings, arches, bronze statues, and domes. Used stones called Tufa (Volcano stone painted)

Ziggurat

A stepped temple platform built in ancient Mesopotamia.

Aqueduct

A structure or channel that carries water over a distance.

Narthex

An entrance area at the western end of a church.

Nave

The main central space of a church, typically extending toward the altar.

Transept

A transverse section that crosses the main body of a church.

Choir

The part of a church reserved for clergy and singers, typically near the altar.

Apse

A semicircular or polygonal recess, often at the altar end of a church.

Romanesque Cathedral

Roman like, round arches used due to it being low to the ground and being very heavy. Walls are very thick and there were not many windows.

Gothic Cathedral

Painted arches used and had many large stained-glass windows (Clerestory). The architecture is very high and vertical. Thin walls with flying buttresses to keep the structure of the building.

Cast Iron Construction

Building with structural components formed from cast iron. Created buildings very fast, it is like a skeleton to the building.

Steel Frame Construction

A building method using a load-bearing skeleton of steel members. Was fireproof, and supports entire weight of building.

Reinforced Concrete

Concrete strengthened with embedded steel reinforcement. Iron bars are embedded into it.

Modern Architecture

An architectural movement of simple geometric forms. Simple in appearance, with no decoration on exterior. No reference from past and reinforced concrete was mainly used.

International Style

A modern architectural style emphasizing simple forms, open interiors, and minimal ornament. Looked like floors were floating on each other.

Postmodern Architecture

An architectural movement that revive historical references from modern architecture. Embraces color and decoration. Sometimes something can have no purpose and take inspiration from an object.

Assemblage

A sculpture made by combining separate objects or materials.

Post and Lintel

A structural system with a horizontal beam supported by vertical posts.

Stylobate

The uppermost platform on which a classical colonnade stands.

Colonnade

A row of columns supporting an entablature or arches.

Entablature

The horizontal structure supported by columns in classical architecture.

Cantilever Construction

Construction using a projecting structure supported at only one end.