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origins of psychology (1879)
Wilhelm Wundt
opened first psychology lab
used introspection to study conscious experience scientifically
psychodynamic (1900)
Sigmund Freud
proposed:
unconscious mind
psychosexual stages
psychodynamic approach
behaviourism (1913)
Ian Pavlov & B.F. Skinner
established behaviourism
developed explanations of behaviour based on conditioning
humanistic (1943)
Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers
introduced:
self-actualisation
hierarchy of needs
congruence
conditions of worth
cognitive (1950s)
focus shifted to:
internal mental processes
using theoretical models
computer analogy
SLT (1963)
Albert Bandura
demonstrated learning through:
observation
imitation
vicarious reinforcement
biological (1990)
advances in:
genetics
brain imaging
cognitive neuroscience strengthened biological approach