LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES (copy)

To Contain

UNDER GLASS PIPETTES:

• Holds but does not deliver the exact volume

To Deliver

UNDER GLASS PIPETTES:

• Delivers the exact volume it holds

Blow out

UNDER GLASS PIPETTES:

• Characterized by etched ring / bands near the mouth

Self - draining

UNDER GLASS PIPETTES:

• Allowed to drain by gravity

To contain & To deliver

Glass Pipettes according to design:

Blow out & Self draining

Glass Pipettes according to its drainage characteristic:

Volumetric Pipet

WHAT PIPET?

• Type:

  • Transfer Pipet

• Design:

  • To Deliver ; Self-draining

• Calibration Marks:

  • Single Capacity Mark

• Other Comments:

  • Non viscous samples; standards

Ostwald-Folin Pipet

WHAT PIPET?

• Type:

  • Transfer Pipet

• Design:

  • To Deliver ; Blowout

• Calibration Marks:

  • Single Capacity Mark

• Other Comments:

  • Viscous samples

Serologic Pipet

WHAT PIPET?

• Type:

  • Measuring Pipet

• Design:

  • To Deliver ; Blowout

• Calibration Marks:

  • Graduated down to tip Mark

• Other Comments:

  • Serial dilution ; Measuring reagents

Mohr Pipet

WHAT PIPET?

• Type:

  • Measuring Pipet

• Design:

  • To Deliver ; Self-draining

• Calibration Marks:

  • Graduated between 2 marks

• Other Comments:

  • Serial dilution ; Measuring reagents

Piston

WHAT PART OF AUTOMATIC PIPETTE?

• What is no. 1 ?

Air

WHAT PART OF AUTOMATIC PIPETTE?

• What is no. 2 ?

Disposable tip

WHAT PART OF AUTOMATIC PIPETTE?

• What is no. 3 ?

Disposable piston

WHAT PART OF AUTOMATIC PIPETTE?

• What is no. 4 ?

Disposable capillary

WHAT PART OF AUTOMATIC PIPETTE?

• What is no. 5 ?

Piston seal

WHAT PART OF AUTOMATIC PIPETTE?

• What is no. 6 ?

Air displacement

SEMI-AUTOMATIC MICROPIPETTORS

• uses suction to draw sample into a disposable polypropylene tip; piston does not come in contact with the liquid

Positive displacement

SEMI-AUTOMATIC MICROPIPETTORS

• operates like a hypodermic syringe; tips must be rinsed out

• No air cushion; constant aspiration force; for high density or very viscous samples

• Used for sampling in most discrete automated systems

Horizontal or swinging bucket

CENTRIFUGES TYPES:

• tubes swing to a horizontal position during spinning causing heat build-up; speeds up to 3000 RPM; produces a tightly packed, flat sediment

Fixed-angle or angle-head

CENTRIFUGES TYPES:

• tubes are at fixed angle (25-40°) when rotating; capable of higher speeds up to 7000 RPM with much less heat build-up; produces slanted sediment

Ultracentrifuge

CENTRIFUGES TYPES:

• used to separate layers of different specific gravities; speeds up to 100,000 RPM; usually refrigerated to counter the heat produced due to friction

• Used for Lipoprotein separation analysis

Cytocentrifuge

CENTRIFUGES TYPES:

• for body fluid cell counts; low speeds of 200-200 RPM

Revolutions per minute;

CENTRIFUGES UNITS USED:

• RPM meaning?

• X x g (RCF)

Svedberg

CENTRIFUGES UNITS USED:

• units used for ultracentri

RCF (xg) = (1.118 × 10^-5) x (r) x (RPM²) [radius in cm]

CENTRIFUGES UNITS USED:

• Formula for Converting rpm to RCF?

Timer & Speed ; Temperature if refrigerated

CENTRIFUGES UNITS QC:

• Parameters ?

Every 3 months

CENTRIFUGES UNITS QC:

• Frequency ?

Analytic Reagent Grade (ACS)

REAGENTS CHEMICALS:

• high degree of purity suitable for use in most analytical procedures

Ultrapure Grades

REAGENTS CHEMICALS:

• for specific procedures such as chromatography, AAS, immunoassays, molecular diagnostics, and standardization techniques

Chemically Pure Grade

REAGENTS CHEMICALS:

• impurity limitations not stated; not acceptable for research and laboratory techniques unless further purification is carried out or a reagent blank is included during analysis

United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary Grade

REAGENTS CHEMICALS:

• primarily used to manufacture drugs and purity standards may not meet assay requirements

Technical or Commercial Grade

REAGENTS CHEMICALS:

• should not be used in the clinical laboratory

REAGENTS REFERENCE MATERIALS:

• highly purified chemical that can be measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration and purity

ACS Primary Standard

• purity tolerance value of 100 ± 0.02%

Standard Reference Materials

• certified for use in clinical chemistry laboratories

Secondary standard

REAGENTS REFERENCE MATERIALS:

• substance of lower purity with its concentration determined by comparison with a primary standard or SRM

Type I

REAGENT WATER:

• purest type; recommended for Standard preparation

Type II

REAGENT WATER:

• acceptable for most laboratory procedures including reagent preparation

Type III

REAGENT WATER:

• can be used for some qualitative tests but not for routine analyses and reagent preparation; water source for the preparation of Type I or II water and for washing glassware

CLSI Specifications for Clinical Laboratory Reagent Water (CLRW) (Type 1)

• Microbiological content <10 cfu/mL

• Resistivity ≥10 MΩ·cm

• Particulate matter – removed by passing through 0.22-μm filter

• Total organic content <500 ng/g