Lesson 3

Vて/N + 以来

ever since (...den beri) / 日本に来て以来、東京に住んでいる。(I've lived in Tokyo ever since I came to Japan.)

何 + counter + も

many; lots (birçok / defalarca) / 何回も説明した。(I explained it many times.)

何 + counter + か

a few (birkaç) / 何人かの学生が遅刻した。(A few students were late.)

文章の こ・そ

そ = what was just mentioned / こ = something close to the writer / 彼は記憶力がいい。だが、それを自慢しない。(He has a great memory but doesn't brag about it.)

会話の そ・あ

あ = both people know it / そ = only one person knows it / ああ、あの店ね。(Oh that shop.) vs それ、どこ？(Where's that?)

普通形 + ということだ

that means... (demek ki) / つまり、明日は休みということだ。(So that means tomorrow is off.)

Vる + までもない・までもなく

no need to...; goes without saying (...meye gerek yok) / 言うまでもなく、健康が一番大切だ。(Needless to say health comes first.)

疑問詞 + N + であろうと

no matter what/who N (ne olursa olsun) / どんな人であろうと、ルールは守るべきだ。(No matter who you are follow the rules.)

N1であろうと、N2であろうと

whether N1 or N2 (N1 de olsa N2 de olsa) / お金持ちであろうと貧乏であろうと、幸せは買えない。(Rich or poor you can't buy happiness.)

行く・来る・戻る + ている

has gone/come and is there now (gitmiş / gelmiş) / 先生はもう会議室に行っている。(The professor has already gone to the meeting room.) / ⚠ NOT "is going now"

元に戻っている

is back to normal (eski hâline dönmüş) / 体調はもう元に戻っている。(My health is back to normal.)