Jesus the Focus of Scripture Test 1

Jesus changed the cycle of death

True

The covenants in the OT were just a bandaid before Jesus came

True

OT ends with Malachi

in 400 BCE

First Century Judaism

helped to shape their identity

contributed to their understanding of God

Influenced their expectations of how God would act in their lives

Isreal was divided into what two places after the golden years?

Israel and Judah

Characteristics of Israel

10-12 tribes

Samaria

Samaria and Jews had conflict

Characteristics of Judah

2 tribes

Jerusalem

Judah’s thinking after Babylonian exile

questions if God has abandoned them or is he defeated

What happened to Judah in 587 B.C.E?

Babylonians send Judah into exile, creating loss and identity crisis

722 B.C.E

Israel is conquered and obliterated by Assyrians

539 B.C.E.

Judah experiences Restoration back to land

Construction of Temple, Recommitment, fear and overreaction (Malachi)

Intertestamental Period

No kings, lots of oppression(unfair use of power amongst people

ruled by priest

persians, greeks, seleucids

Seleucid Empire

Ruled by Antiochus Epiphanes

What does Antiochus mean?

God in human form

Abomination of Desolation

Sacrificed a pig on the Holy Alter

Antiochus Epiphanes

ordered copies of the torah to be collected and burned

used the Temple’s Gold and treasury to fund his military campaign

Antiochus Epiphanes

Commanded Jews to eat forbidden foods like pork and if they didn’t listen they would be tortured to do so

Maccabees were present

True

Herod

used as a puppet king to be controlled by Rome

Herod

Not Jewish but married a Maccabee so considered Jewish

Herod

Called King of the Jews

Brought stability and protection

Paranoid and Ruthless

Rebuilt the Temple

Archelaus comes to Power…

When Herod dies (A is his son)

Archelaus is replaced with

Roman Governors

Who ruled after the Roman Governors?

Pontius Pilate

Who ruled after Pilate?

Herod Antipas

where did Herod Antipas rule?

Galilee and Perea

Characteristics of a Jew

monotheistic

Torah

Palestine

Temple

Torah

Guard rails over their life

A possession given to them by God

Connects them to Moses

Palestine (The Land)

A gift from God after Moses led them out of Egypt

Their inheritance

A symbol of Hope

Temple

House of God

Symbol of their past

High

Courts

What is the Tamid?

A continual animal sacrifice, whole burnt offering

Everyone takes a religious trip to Mecca every year

True

Tabernacle/Booths are used for?

celebrates the time where people were wandering b4 the promised land

Passover

celebrates the exodus out of Egypt

Pentecost

Synagogue means

assembly

What were some jewish expectations?

Looking for God to establish his kingdom on earth

What were some jewish expectations?

Jews were going to be put back on their rightful status of privilage

What were some jewish expectations?

God would bring another Elijah to prepare the way

Messiah

be the deliverer

What are the four Jewish sects?

Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots

Characteristics of the Pharisees

“separate ones”

obsessed with purity

OT is god’s word

Believed in resurrection from the dead

largest group, made biggest impact

Characteristics of Sadducees

Priestly line (Zadok)

Influential with Romans

Pentateuch is holy scripture (first five books)

Belief in no resurrection of the dead

Characteristics or Esseenes

“Pious ones”

broke off from Pharisees

Qumran community

expelled from temple

stricter than pharisees

Who is the author of the Dead Sea scrolls?

Essenes

Characteristics of the Zealots

valued political independence from Jews

believed violence would bring about God’s kingdom

had jwish war against romans

Canonical Gospels

Matthew, Mark Luke and John

Apochyphal Gospels

ex: gospel of thomas, gospel of peter

Example of how non-christian materials still procliamed the authenticity of Jesus

Flavious Josephus “Antiquities of the Jews”

Tacitus “Annals”

Explain Flavious Josephus’s “Antiquities of the Jews”

He wanted to tell the Romans what ticked off the Jews/what was important to them. He wanted to inform people about why there are Christians and where they come from

Explain Tacitus’s “Annals”

He wanted to describe Nero’s actions for being blamed for burning Rome

When is Jesus likely born?

4 or 5 BCE

Genesis 12

Abraham and Sarah

Malachi 4:5-6

John as Elijah

2 Samuel 7

Promise to David

1 Samuel 2

Magnificat, modeled on ____ Scripture

1. God has exalted the lowly

2. God is fulfilling the covenant made with Abraham

Micah 5:2

foretells the birth of a future ruler in the small town of Bethlehem

Hosea 11:1

Jesus being called out of Egypt after fleeing the wrath of King Herod fulfills

Isaiah 7:14

Angelic Announcement to Joseph

virginal conception

63 BCE

Roman Emprie conquered and took control of Judea and Jerusalem in the East

70 CE

Gospel of Mark is written, temple of Jerusalem is destroyed

The accounts of the birth of Jesus.

Matthew and Luke

Characteristics of Mark

Fast paced, emphasizes how people don’t understand he is the messiah, Jesus’s sufferings, no resurrection appearances

Characteristics of Matthew

Jesus as Teacher, sermon on the mount, birth stories are unique ex. star

Characteristics of Luke

largest book in NT, detailed birth story, focuses on marginalized groups of people, tells the history of Jesus through the lens of God

Characteristics of John

Slow moving, more dramatic (details) about Jesus’s divinity, focus in Jerusalem