yurmom

List 4 characterisitics of Kingdom Animalia

-eukaryotic cells
-multicellular organisms
-heterotrophs
-capable of motion at some stage in their life cycle,

Elephant, what kingdom does this organism belong to?

Kingdom Animalia

What is this organism and what kingdom does it belong to?

euglena, Kingdom Protista

List 4 characteristics for Kingdom Protista.

-eukaryotic cells
-most are unicellular, a few multicellular
-mostly aquatic or moist environments
-the catch all kingdom- plant, fungi, and animal like species

What is the name of this autotrophic organism and what kingdom does it belong to?

evergreen tree, Kingdom Plantae

List 4 charcteristics of organisms in Kingdom Plantae.

-eukaryotic cells
-multicellular
-autotrophs that go through photosynthesis
-chloroplasts for photosynthesis
-alternation of generations in life cycle

What kingdom do these unicellular, prokarytoic organisms belong to?

Kingdom Archaebacteria - the extremophiles

List 4 characterisitics of Kingdom Archaebacteria.

-prokaryotic cells
-unicellular
-live in extreme environments
- the most recent addition to the kingdoms of organisms. Their existence was not discovered until the 1980s.
-Archaebacteria are the oldest known living organisms.

What is the name of this saprophytic organism, what kingdom does it belong to?

mushroom, Kingdom Fungi

List 4 charaterisitics of Kingdom Fungi.

-eukaryotic cells
-mostly multicellular, a few unicellular
- reproduce by spores
- heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from its environment
- cell walls made of chitin

What kingdom does this organism (true bacteria) belong to?

Kingdom Eubacteria

List 4 characteristics for Kingdom Eubacteria.

-prokaryotic cells with no nucleus and membrane bound organelles
-unicellular
-true bacteria
-most eubacteria are enclosed by a cellular wall, which is made up of peptidoglycans in a cross-linked chain pattern.
-take on one of three shapes: bacilli, cocci, and spirilla.

Name the three domains of life

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Name the 6 kingdoms of life

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

What kingdoms are prokaryotic?

Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

What kingdoms are eukaryotic?

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Taxonomy

The scientific study of how living things are classified

Taxomonic hierarchy

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Carolus Linnaeus

(1707-1778) Founder of taxonomy, the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying organisms. developed two part system of naming organisms.

binomial nomenclature

A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name

Rules for binomial nomenclature

1st: Genus name; capitalized
2nd; species name; lower case
Underline or type in italics
Latin or greek

List the 8 characteristics of life discussed in class

Living things:

1. contain gentetic material - DNA/RNA
2. grow & development
3. response to stimuli
4. made of cells - prokaryotic or eukaroytic
5. reproduce - asexual or sexual
6. maintain homeostasis
7. metabolism - obtain and use energy
8. evolve due to adaptations

Getting your hair cut is an example of what characteristic of life?

Living things are made of cells
or
Living things display growth and development

A child growing taller is an example of what characterisitc of life?

Living things are made of cells
or
Living things display growth and development
or
Living things have metabolism - obtain and use enery

A plant growing toward the sunlight is an example of what characterisitc of life?

Living things respond to stimuli
or
Living things display growth and development

homeostasis

Maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Evolution

The change in a population over time.

The extremophiles are found in what kingdom?

Kingdom Archaebacteria

True bacteria are found in what kingdom?

Kingdom Eubacteria

Pathogen

An organism that causes disease

Dichotomous key

an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to a series of questions. Each question has two options.

Taxon

a group of organisms at any level in the classification system

Are viruses alive? Why or why not?

No, they do not fulfill requirements for a living organism, they are not capable of growth and development, they can't pass on their DNA (the host cell does that for them) and they are not made up of cells

Bacteriophage

A virus that infects bacteria

What two kingdoms have multicellular organisms?

Plantae and Animalia

homologous structures

-characteristics that have arisen as a result of common evolutionary decent.
-Similar structures but with different functions. Bat wing and human arm.

What kingdom do you find unicellular eukaryotes.

Kingdom Protista

Scientific names use what language?

latin or greek

cladogram

-Type of phylogenetic tree that shows how organisms are related.
-A diagram that is based on patterns of shared, derived traits and that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

analogous structure

-structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function

vestigial structure

-A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose

Aritstotle

Greek philosopher who orginally started classification.

What kingdom do you find methanogens? Where do you find methanogens?

-Kingdom Archaebacteria
-found in swamps, sewage, cattle stomach

John Ray

- Pioneered the science of taxonomy and originated the idea of species
- names were bulky, cumbersome and not flexible

Name three protists commonly studied in biology.

-euglena
-amoeba
-parmecium