research methods exam 2 module review

What is “no-harm” in the ethical responsibilities of research?

beneficence and non-maleficence principles that ensure research does not cause harm to participants by removing risks and striving to benefit the participants.

What is informed consent in the ethical responsibilities of research?

researchers are responsible for non-coercively providing information to participants about the study’s purpose & risks/benefits, procedures, and their right to withdrawal at any time.

What are the 3 key components of informed consent?

information, understanding by the participant, and voluntary consent to participate.

What is deception in the ethical responsibilities of research?

Participants are misled about certain aspects of the study to ensure the validity of the results while not causing harm.

What question may be answered by using deception in research practices?

Will knowing the true purpose create behavior change?

How does the use of deception pose problems for informed consent?

It removes the participant's ability to make an informed decision (understanding leading to voluntary consent), as they are not fully aware of the study's true purpose (information).

What are the two kinds of deception used in the ethical responsibilities of research?

Passive/omission, Active/commission

What is an example of passive deception or omission used in a research setting?

Not informing participants about the nature of a study or keeping specific details that do not influence their decision to participate secret.

What is an example of active deception or commission used in a research setting?

Providing false information to participants about the study's purpose, like telling them it is about memory when it is actually about social behavior.

What is the primary difference between passive deception and active deception?

Passive deception involves withholding information (omission) from participants, Active deception involves providing false information (commission) to participants

When can researchers use deception?

Only if all alternative methods are insufficient and the deception can be justified by a substantial contribution.

What is confidentiality in the ethical responsibilities of research?

What must follow deception in research?

debriefing (explaining the true purpose of the study and why deception was necessary)