World History Unit 1 Test Review: Hinduism, Buddhism, Abrahamic Faiths, and Sikhism

A complete vocabulary review set based on Mrs. Clark's Unit 1 Test Review covering Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Sikhism.

Brahman

In Hinduism, the supreme, ultimate reality and divine universal essence with which all gods and creation are connected.

Caste System

A traditional social hierarchy in South Asia where a person's social class and role are determined by birth.

Karma

The moral principle of cause and effect in Hinduism and Buddhism where actions in a lifetime determine one's state in future rebirths.

Dharma

In Hinduism, an individual's religious and moral duties; in Buddhism, the cosmic law and universal teachings of the Buddha.

Reincarnation

The religious belief found in Hinduism and Buddhism that a soul undergoes a continuous cycle of rebirth into new bodies.

Moksha

The ultimate spiritual goal in Hinduism, representing liberation from the cycle of reincarnation and realization of unity with Brahman.

Puja

A Hindu devotional ritual of worship, prayer, and reverence performed to honor deities.

Siddhartha Gautama

The historical founder of Buddhism who abandoned a life of luxury to discover a way to eliminate human suffering, becoming the Buddha.

Four Noble Truths

The foundational Buddhist teachings detailing the reality of human suffering, its cause in desire, its end, and the path to overcome it.

Eightfold Path

The practical guide of middle-way spiritual practices in Buddhism that leads to the end of suffering and the achievement of nirvana.

Nirvana

The state of ultimate spiritual enlightenment, cessation of suffering, and release from the cycle of rebirth in Buddhism.

Theravada and Mahayana

The two primary branches of Buddhism; Theravada focuses on original monastic teachings, whereas Mahayana emphasizes broader universal salvation.

Abrahamic Faiths

The monotheistic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—that share a heritage tracing back to the patriarch Abraham.

Diaspora

The historic scattering and dispersion of the Jewish people away from their ancestral homeland.

622 CE

The historic year of the Hijrah, marking the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina, establishing the Islamic era.

630 CE

The year the prophet Muhammad and his followers returned to Mecca, peacefully reclaiming the city and establishing Islam as the dominant faith.

Sikhism

A monotheistic religion founded by Guru Nanak in the Punjab region, shaped historically during the period of the Mughal Empire.

Dharam

The Sikh concept representing righteousness, divine moral duty, and living according to God's standard.

Guru

In Sikhism, a spiritual teacher or enlightener, referring to the ten human founders, the holy scripture, God, and the Sikh community.

Guru Granth Sahib

The sacred scripture of Sikhism, revered as the final, eternal, and living Guru of the Sikhs.

Khalsa

The collective community of fully initiated Sikhs founded to protect equality, justice, and righteousness.

Five Kakaars

The five required articles of faith (the 5 Ks) worn by initiated Khalsa Sikhs as visible symbols of devotion and identity.

Dastaar

The traditional Sikh turban worn to symbolize spiritual discipline, self-respect, equality, honor, and commitment to the faith.