Capnography Lecture Review

A set of flashcards designed to help review key concepts and terminologies related to capnography, based on lecture notes.

Capnography can detect pulmonary blood flow cessation, such as occurs with __ or during cardiac arrest.

pulmonary embolism

The American Heart Association Guidelines recommends the use of __ for confirmation and monitoring of ET placement during CPR.

continuous quantitative waveform capnography

The capnogram indication of CPR success is that PetCO2 __ as circulation is restored to normal.

increases

Capnography monitors use __ spectroscopy to measure the amount of carbon dioxide in exhaled breath.

infrared

Capnography displays CO2 concentrations as a graphic waveform called a __; capnometry involves the numerical display of exhaled CO2 without a waveform.

capnogram

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide measured at the __ of exhalation.

end

Assuming ventilation and perfusion is normal, ETCO2 is approximately equal to the __ partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

arterial

Incapnography, changes in ETCO2 values may aid the diagnosis of __, physiological abnormality, or disease states.

iatrogenesis

There are 2 types of measurement in capnography: __ and spectroscopic.

chemical

In mainstream devices, the sampling chamber attaches directly to the ET, yielding much faster results than __.

sidestream

Capnography was added by the American Society of Anesthesiologists for __ monitoring in 2011.

basic anesthetic

Continuous end-tidal capnography monitoring can be an early sign of __, detected 30-60 seconds before oxygen saturation.

hypoxia

The end-tidal CO2 value is generally __ or diagnostic.

not pathology-specific

The waveform of capnography indicates that inspired air contains essentially no CO2, while expired air normally contains about to CO2.

4.5% to 5.5%

Phase 1 of the capnography waveform represents the initial gas exhaled from the __ airways.

conducting

The __ of capnography contour changes can signal increases in dead space ventilation, hyperventilation, or apnea.

changes

The PetCO2 is influenced by the alveolar PCO2 and is ultimately affected by __ and the effectiveness of ventilation.

CO2 production

Apnea is indicated by long periods of a __ waveform in capnography.

flat

Severe obstruction in a capnography waveform may display a __ pattern.

shark fin

ROSC stands for __ of spontaneous circulation, indicating the patient has regained circulation post-CPR.

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