Diuretic Drug Chart

What is the prototype drug of Osmotics?

mannitol (Osmitrol)

What is the prototype drug of Loops?

furosemide (Lasix)

What is the prototype drug of Thiazides?

Chlorothiazide (Diuril)

What is the prototype drug of Potassium Sparing?

spironolactone (aldactone)

What is the mechanism of action of Osmotics?

creates strong osmotic force within the lumen of nephron and inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption

What is the mechanism of action of Loops?

inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of henle

What is the mechanism of action of Thiazides?

inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

What is the mechanism of action of Potassium Sparing?

antagonizes aldosterone, influenced by sodium and potassium exchange which leads to reduction in sodium reabsorption and retention of potassium by decreasing distal tubule secretion

What are the uses of Osmotics?

prevent acute renal failure, decrease intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure

What are the uses of Loops?

edematous states, hypertension, prevent acute renal failure, hypercalcemia

What are the uses of Thiazides?

edema, hypertension

What are the uses of Potassium Sparing?

edema, steroid-induced edema, diuretic induced hypokalemia, hyper-aldosteron-ism

What are the side effects of Osmotics?

rebound intracranial pressure, hypothalmic annorrhea, dry mouth, transient expansion of plasma volume resulting in circulatory overload

What are the side effects of Loops?

dehydration, hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, transient deafness or ototoxicity

What are the side effects of Thiazides?

dehydration, hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, transient deafness or ototoxicity

What are the side effects of Potassium Sparing?

hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, n/v/d, abdominal cramps

What are the nursing interventions of Osmotics?

assess for signs and symptoms of overload, caution with pulmonary edema

What are the nursing interventions of Loops?

may be given with low renal perfusion, assess potassium levels, assess digoxin levels; by mouth onset is 60 mins, lasts 6 hours; iv onset is 5 mins, lasts 2 hours

What are the nursing interventions of Thiazides?

must have adequate renal perfusion, given po onset within 2 hours, usually combined with ace inhibitors, beta blockers, potassium-sparing diuretics

What are the nursing interventions of Potassium Sparing?

avoid sodium substitutes, foods high in potassium, potassium supplements, store in dark container