Food Tech T4 2026

What is bush tucker?

Traditional foods native to Australia used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.

Give four examples of bush tucker.

Kangaroo, crocodile, quandong and lilly pilly.

Why is bush tucker important?

It reflects Indigenous knowledge, culture, traditions and connection to Country.

How did Aboriginal Peoples obtain food?

Through hunting, fishing, gathering and managing available resources.

How did European settlement affect Indigenous food practices?

Introduced foods and farming displaced some traditional foods and changed diets.

What foods did early European settlers introduce?

Wheat, cattle, sheep, dairy products and European fruits and vegetables.

How did early settlers obtain food?

They farmed, hunted, fished and raised introduced livestock.

What was the Gold Rush's effect on Australia?

It increased population, wealth, migration and demand for food.

Why was the Gold Rush a 'golden opportunity'?

Gold discoveries created opportunities for wealth, jobs and business.

How did the Gold Rush affect food businesses?

Growing populations increased demand for food, supplies, shops and services.

What is industrialisation?

The development of large-scale production using machinery and technology.

How did industrialisation change food production?

Food became easier to produce, process, package, preserve and distribute.

How did refrigeration change food?

It allowed perishable foods to be stored and transported for longer.

How did canning affect food?

It increased shelf life and allowed food to be stored without refrigeration.

How did mass migration change Australian food?

Migrants introduced new cuisines, ingredients, cooking methods and traditions.

What is multiculturalism?

The presence and interaction of many different cultures within society.

How did multiculturalism influence Australian cuisine?

It created a diverse food culture with influences from many countries.

What is fusion food?

Food combining ingredients or techniques from different cultural cuisines.

What is modern Australian cuisine?

A diverse cuisine combining Indigenous, British and multicultural influences.

Why is food important to Australian identity?

Food reflects Australia's history, Indigenous heritage and multicultural society.

What are physiological factors?

Physical or body-related factors that influence food choice.

Name four physiological food-selection factors.

Age, hunger, activity level and health.

How can age affect food selection?

Nutritional needs, abilities, tastes and energy requirements change with age.

How can activity level affect food selection?

More physical activity generally increases energy requirements.

How can health affect food selection?

Health conditions can change nutritional needs or restrict certain foods.

What is hunger?

The physical need for food caused by the body's need for energy and nutrients.

What is appetite?

The desire or craving for food, which may occur without physical hunger.

What are psychological factors?

Mental or emotional factors that influence food choices.

How can emotions influence food choice?

Mood, memories and comfort can affect which foods people choose.

How can personal preferences affect food choice?

Taste, appearance, texture and previous experiences influence choices.

What are economic factors?

Financial factors such as income, food prices and household budget.

How can income affect food choice?

It affects which foods a person or family can afford.

How can food prices affect food choice?

Higher prices may cause people to choose cheaper alternatives.

How can culture influence food selection?

It influences ingredients, meals, cooking methods and food traditions.

How can religion influence food selection?

Religious beliefs may restrict foods or require specific preparation methods.

How can media influence food selection?

Advertising, trends and influencers can affect food preferences and purchases.

What is a nutrient?

A substance in food needed for energy, growth, repair or normal body function.

What are macronutrients?

Nutrients needed in relatively large amounts: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

What are micronutrients?

Nutrients needed in smaller amounts, mainly vitamins and minerals.

What are the three macronutrients?

Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

They are the body's main source of energy.

Give six carbohydrate sources.

Bread, rice, pasta, cereals, fruit and potatoes.

What is the main function of protein?

Growth, repair and maintenance of body cells and tissues.

Give six protein sources.

Meat, fish, eggs, dairy, legumes and nuts.

What are lipids?

Fats and oils that provide energy, insulation and support body functions.

Give six lipid sources.

Oils, butter, nuts, seeds, avocado and fatty meats.

What are vitamins?

Organic micronutrients needed in small amounts for normal body functions.

What are minerals?

Inorganic micronutrients needed for functions such as bones, blood and nerves.

What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?

Vitamins are organic compounds; minerals are inorganic elements.

Why is water important?

It supports hydration, temperature regulation, transport and chemical reactions.

What are active non-nutrients?

Food components that are not essential nutrients but may promote health.

Give three active non-nutrients.

Dietary fibre, phytochemicals and probiotics.

What does dietary fibre do?

It supports healthy digestion and helps maintain regular bowel function.

What are probiotics?

Beneficial live microorganisms that can support healthy gut bacteria.

What are phytochemicals?

Plant compounds that may have health-promoting effects.

What are the main functions of food?

Providing energy, supporting growth and development, and repairing/maintaining tissues.

What is digestion?

The process of breaking food down so nutrients can be absorbed and used.

What is absorption?

The movement of digested nutrients from the digestive system into the body.

What is metabolism?

Chemical processes that use nutrients to provide energy and maintain the body.

What is undernutrition?

Not getting enough energy or essential nutrients for normal health.

What is overnutrition?

Consuming excessive energy or nutrients, which can contribute to health problems.

What are diet-related disorders?

Conditions influenced by inadequate, excessive or unbalanced food intake.

Name five diet-related disorders.

Anaemia, cardiovascular disease, obesity, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes.

What can cause iron-deficiency anaemia?

Not getting enough iron to support healthy red blood cell production.

Why is calcium important?

It supports strong bones and teeth and normal body functions.

Why is iron important?

It helps form healthy blood and transport oxygen around the body.

What can contribute to osteoporosis?

Inadequate calcium/vitamin D and insufficient bone development can increase risk.

What can contribute to cardiovascular disease?

Unhealthy dietary patterns can increase risk factors such as high blood cholesterol.

What can contribute to type 2 diabetes?

Long-term unhealthy dietary patterns and excess energy can increase risk.

What is a balanced diet?

A diet providing appropriate amounts and variety of nutrients for health.

Why is variety important in a healthy diet?

Different foods provide different nutrients needed by the body.

Why do nutritional needs change throughout life?

Growth, development, activity and body changes alter energy and nutrient needs.

Why are nutrients important during adolescence?

Rapid growth and development increase the body's nutrient requirements.

Why is iron important during adolescence?

It supports blood production and oxygen transport during growth.

Why is calcium important during adolescence?

It supports bone and teeth development during rapid growth.

What are special occasions?

Events with social, cultural, religious, historical or personal significance.

Why is food important at special occasions?

Food can express culture, tradition, celebration, hospitality and identity.

Give five reasons people celebrate with food.

Social, cultural, religious, historical and personal reasons.

What should be considered when planning a special-occasion menu?

Occasion, guests, nutrition, budget, time, skills, equipment and ingredients.

Why must guest needs be considered?

The menu should meet guests' dietary, cultural, religious and personal requirements.

What is menu planning?

Selecting and organising dishes to suit an occasion and its diners.

What is a buffet?

A meal where food is displayed for guests to serve themselves.

What are advantages of a buffet?

It provides variety, allows self-service and suits large groups.

What is a table setting?

The arrangement of crockery, cutlery, glassware and other table items.

What is garnishing?

Adding decorative or complementary food elements to improve presentation.

Why is presentation important?

It improves visual appeal and creates an appropriate experience for diners.

What is a workflow plan?

A sequence of tasks and timings used to organise food preparation efficiently.

Why is workflow important?

It ensures tasks are completed in the correct order and food is ready on time.

What resources affect menu planning?

Ingredients, equipment, money, time, skills and available facilities.

What responsibilities does a host have?

Planning, preparing, welcoming guests and helping the event run smoothly.

What responsibilities does a guest have?

Following expectations, showing appreciation and considering the host and others.

What is food hygiene?

Practices that prevent contamination and keep food safe to eat.

What is cross-contamination?

The transfer of harmful microorganisms from one food, surface or person to another.

How can cross-contamination be prevented?

Separate raw foods, clean equipment and wash hands between tasks.

Why should hands be washed before preparing food?

To reduce the transfer of harmful microorganisms to food.

Name three personal hygiene practices.

Wash hands, tie back hair and wear clean suitable clothing.

What is a food hazard?

Something that can cause harm, such as contamination, burns or cuts.

What is WHS?

Work Health and Safety practices that reduce workplace risks and injuries.

Give two ways to prevent burns.

Use oven mitts and handle hot equipment carefully.

Give two ways to prevent cuts.

Use knives correctly and cut on a stable chopping board.