Autonomic Nervous System

Flashcards summarizing key concepts and terminology related to the Autonomic Nervous System.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A branch of the peripheral nervous system that helps maintain homeostasis by regulating the activity of various organs.

Sympathetic Division

Part of the ANS that prepares the body for physical activity, often referred to as 'Fight or Flight,' increasing heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and glucose levels.

Parasympathetic Division

Part of the ANS that calms the body, often referred to as 'Rest and Digest,' decreasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration while increasing digestion and nutrient absorption.

Preganglionic Neuron

The first neuron in the autonomic motor pathway whose cell body resides in the central nervous system and synapses with a postganglionic neuron.

Postganglionic Neuron

The second neuron in the autonomic motor pathway that innervates the effector and is found outside the central nervous system.

Ganglion

A cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system where synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons occur.

Thoracolumbar Region

The area of the spinal cord where sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located, specifically between T1 and L2 vertebrae.

Craniosacral Region

The area where parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located, including cranial nerves and sacral nerves.

Collateral Ganglia

Ganglia that are not paired and are found anterior to the spinal cord, innervating organs in the abdominal cavity.

Adrenal Medulla

The inner part of the adrenal gland that releases epinephrine and norepinephrine during sympathetic activation.

Fight or Flight Response

The body's physiological reaction to perceived harmful events or threats, mobilizing energy and increasing survival chances.

Rest and Digest Response

The body's physiological reaction that promotes maintenance activities and conserves energy.

Local Reflex Circuit

A neural circuit that allows for isolated responses affecting only one area or system, utilizing limited neuron interaction.

Widespread Neural Response

A neural circuit characterized by a single preganglionic fiber synapsing with multiple postganglionic fibers, allowing for rapid and broad physiological changes.