AP Bio Final Project

What is DNA made up of?

Phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base

Nucleotide

Basic unit of DNA, consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and base

Base Pairing

Adenine-Thymine and Guanine-Cytosine bonding in DNA

Purines

Adenine and Guanine, double-ring nitrogenous bases called purines

Pyrimidines

Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil, single-ring nitrogenous bases called pyrimidines

RNA

Ribonucleic acid with ribose sugar, substitutes Uracil for Thymine

Transcription

Process of making mRNA from DNA

Translation

Process of making proteins from mRNA

Helicase

Enzyme unwinding DNA strands during replication

Polymerase

Enzyme synthesizing DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Operons

DNA sequences regulating gene expression in prokaryotes

Mutations

Changes in DNA sequence like point mutations, insertions, deletions

Natural Selection

Process where advantageous genes are passed on

Recombinant DNA

DNA from multiple sources combined into one

Plasmids

Circular DNA used in gene cloning and protein production

Helicase

Unwinds the DNA strand, and splits in half