Russo Period 3 LEQ

#1 ¶1 Economy

Before: weak Navigation Act enforcement, smuggling tolerated → After: Sugar Act 1764 actually enforced molasses duty. Analysis: neglect let the colonial economy grow independent, so enforcement felt like an attack on established economic freedom

#1 ¶2 Politics

Before: House of Burgesses 1619 → After: Virginia Stamp Act Resolves 1765 (only assemblies can tax colonists). Analysis: neglect let self-government grow, so colonists defended it against Parliament

#2 ¶1 British enforcement

Before: salutary neglect → After: Stamp Act 1765, Townshend Acts 1767, Intolerable Acts 1774. Analysis: enforcement was the spark and the top-ranked cause, because it hit colonists directly

#2 ¶2 Natural rights

Before: Locke natural rights + consent → After: Declaration of Independence 1776 used them against Britain. Analysis: ranked second, since ideas justified independence but enforcement created the crisis

#3 ¶1 Natural rights

Before: Locke → After: Declaration of Independence and state declarations of rights. Analysis: government's purpose became protecting rights, shaping the new governments

#3 ¶2 Popular sovereignty

Before: authority came from king/Parliament → After: Constitution "We the People". Analysis: authority came from the people, though Three-Fifths Compromise shows ideals had limits

#4 ¶1 Whiskey Rebellion

Before: Articles too weak to enforce laws → After: Washington sent federal troops 1794. Analysis: proved federal government could enforce its laws

#4 ¶2 Alien & Sedition Acts

Before: First Amendment protections, 5-year naturalization → After: Sedition Act and Naturalization Act (14 years) 1798. Analysis: expanded federal power, though Kentucky/Virginia Resolutions pushed back

#5 ¶1 Seven Years' War debt

Before: salutary neglect → After: war debt → Proclamation 1763, Sugar Act 1764, Stamp Act 1765. Analysis: turning point in British policy from neglect to control

#5 ¶2 Colonial resistance

Before: loyal British subjects → After: Stamp Act Congress 1765, Boston Tea Party 1773. Analysis: resistance grew, but Olive Branch Petition 1775 shows the change was gradual

#6 ¶1 Women

Before: domestic roles, no political rights → After: Republican Motherhood (educate virtuous citizens). Analysis: expanded expectations but not rights (no vote), so change was partial

#6 ¶2 Slavery

Before: slavery widespread and legal → After: Pennsylvania Gradual Abolition 1780, but cotton gin 1793 expanded slavery in the South. Analysis: change in the North, continuity in the South

#7 ¶1 British relations

Before: Ohio Company petition 1748, Britain/France compete for Native allies → After: Pontiac's Rebellion, Proclamation of 1763 reserves land, colonists resist. Analysis: Britain limited expansion, but settler pressure continued

#7 ¶2 Treaties and land loss

Before: French fur-trade alliances and British Covenant Chain (negotiated as partners) → After: Fallen Timbers 1794, Treaty of Greenville 1795 (land cessions). Analysis: Native power declined as U.S. claimed the West

#8 ¶1 Federal power

Articles: weak, no taxing power → Constitution: taxation, commerce, enforcement (Shays's Rebellion exposed the weakness). Analysis: differences mattered because they fixed the Articles' failures. Similarity: both federal republics keeping the states

#8 ¶2 Representation

Articles: 1 vote per state → Constitution: House by population + Senate 2 per state (Great Compromise). Analysis: resolved the large vs small state dispute while keeping states involved

#9 ¶1 Causes

Shays 1786-87: MA farmers, state taxes/debt → Whiskey 1794: PA farmers, federal excise tax. Similarity: indebted farmers challenging government authority

#9 ¶2 Response

Shays: privately funded MA militia (Springfield arsenal) → Whiskey: Washington leads ~13,000 troops. Analysis: Shays exposed weak government (led to Convention); Whiskey showed the new one could enforce laws

#10 ¶1 Federal power

Federalists: Hamilton, national bank, loose construction → Dem-Reps: Jefferson, strict construction, states' rights. Similarity: both claimed to protect the republic; Federalists feared disorder, Dem-Reps feared concentrated power

#10 ¶2 Economy

Federalists: Report on Manufactures, commerce → Dem-Reps: agrarian farmers. Analysis: different visions of who the republic should serve (merchants and industry vs. farmers)