Schoo Science 8th L to J Quarter 1

Force

a push or pull exerted on an object

Matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

Speed

the distance an object travels per unit of time

Motion

the state in which one object's distance from another is changing

Reference Point

a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion

Friction

the force of resistance that one surface exerts on another when the two surfaces move across each other

Inertia

the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion

Net force

the overall force on an object, when all the individual forces acting on it are added together.

Rolling Friction

friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface

Sliding Friction

friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another

Static Friction

friction that acts on objects that are not moving, a resistance to start moving

Fluid Friction

friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid

Newton's 1st Law

an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force

Newton's 2nd Law

the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object.

Newton's 3rd Law

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Momentum

the product of an object's mass and velocity

Potential energy

the stored energy of an object that has the potential to change to a different form of energy to do work

Kinetic energy

energy that an object has due to its motion

Energy

ability to cause change or do work

Transmission

to pass through air or some other medium

Law of conservation of energy

energy can neither be created nor destroyed by a chemical or a physical change

Unbalanced forces

two or more forces resulting in a change in an object's motion

Constant Speed

When the speed of an object remains the same - it does not increase or decrease

Velocity

speed of an object in a specified direction

Balanced forces

two or more forces that act upon an object and result in no change in motion

Gas

state of matter that takes the shape and volume of the container it is in. Particles have high energy and move freely at high speeds

Liquid

state of matter that keeps its volume, but takes the shape of its container. Particles have medium energy and move freely at medium speeds

Solid

state of matter that keeps its shape and volume. Particles have low energy and vibrate slowly in place

Condensation

change in the physical state of matter from gas to the liquid phase

Dissolving

a physical change in which particles of a substance are separated by water particles

Element

a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical or physical means

Vaporization

change in the physical state of matter from liquid to the gas phase

Sublimation

change in the physical state of matter from solid to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase

Physical Properties

characteristics of a substance that is measurable and used to describe matter

Chemical Properties

characteristics of a substance that determine how it interacts with other substances