15...(ish) - Everything from the food/plant lecture that was bolded or in a different color (she never SAID this is what to focus on... but maybe?)

tartaric acid

What is the SUSPECT toxic principle in grapes?

undergoes enterohepatic recirculation (recirculates so it lasts longer)

Before caffeine is excretes in the bile... what happens to it?

inhibits phosphodiesterase activity (which increases cyclic adenosine monophophate [AMP] levels)

What is the mechanism of toxicity of caffeine or theobromine?

unknown

What is the MOA of Xylitol?

hemolysis, oxidative injury

Garlic/onions/leeks and other alliums cause what to errythrocytes? And HOW?

MUCH MORE TOXIC

Is onion/garlic powder more or less toxic than regular onions/garlic?

heinz body anemia

What is the classic CBC sign of garlic/onion toxicosis?

cardiovascular necrosis

What is the main sign of persin (avocado) ingestion in birds?

mastitis

What sign, in addition to cardiotoxicity, can be see with persin (avocado) toxicity in horses/cattle/sheep/goats?

azoglycosides (cyasin), B-methyamino-L-alanine, unknown

What are the three primary toxins in a sago palm?

B-methylamino-L-alanine

Which toxin in a sago palm is NEUROTOXIC

azoglucosides (cyasin)

Which toxin in a sago palm is HEPATOTOXIC

ALL PARTS

Which part of a sago palm is toxic?

gastric lavage

What should you do to a patient who has eaten a sago palm and is neurologically unstable?

50%

What is the mortality rate of animals who have eaten a sago palm and present with acute liver failure?

both the leaves and the flowers

Which part of the lily plant is toxic?

cats

lily toxicity only manifests in ___________

1-2

how many lily leaves or petals does it take to be toxic?

renal tubular epithelium (leads to renal failure)

lilies cause direct damage to __________________________ in cats

aggressive decontamination

What is the staple of treatment for a recent lily ingestion?

gastric lavage (leaves are serrated and stick to stomach)

What is THE specific treatment that is the most useful if there is a cat who recently ate lilies?

hyperkalemia

What is the electrolyte abnormality seen with ingestion of cardiac glycosides

contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals

What is the mechanism of toxicity for plants like calla lilies, peace lilies, or devils lilies?

microcystins and anatoxins

The cyanobacteria in blue green algae produce toxins such as:

allergic lactones tuliposides

All parts of the tulip plant contains what?