science term 1.2 (seperation techniques) 🧬✨🧪🔬🥼

Solubility

How much of a solute can dissolve in a solvent

The solubility of a substance changes depending on…

The temperature and whether the solute is gas or liquid

Soluble

Can dissolve in a solvent

Dissolving

The complete mixing of a solute with a solvent to form a solution

Insoluble

Cannot dissolve in water :(

Saturated solution

When the amount of solute is greater than how much is able to dissolve in the solvent and falls to the bottom of the solution

When a solid is dissolved into a solvent (water), what happens to the particles?

The tightly packed particles mix randomly with the waters’ far apart ones, forming a solution

Mass of a solution=

Mass of solute + mass of solvent

Is water the only solvent?

Hahhahaha NO

Masses can be used to see…

If there is something in a solution

Pure substance

Contains only one type of element or compound

Element

A substance made up of only one type of atom

Compound

A substance of more than one type of atom chemically bonded together

Mixtures

Two or more elements or compounds not chemically bonded together (and therefore is the opposite of a pure substance)

Paper chromatography

Used to separate mixtures of soluble substances

Why is the spot of ink not placed below the baseline?

So that it doesn’t mix with the solvent

Why is the baseline drawn with pen?

So that the ink doesn’t mix with the solvent and mess up with results

Mobile phase

The part that moves (like the solvent moving in the paper)

The stationary phase

The part that stays still (like the still, absorbent paper)

Explain Paper Chromatography in your own words

The water moves up (mobile phase) the paper (stationary phase) it carries the substances that make up the mixture with it. The substances are attracted to the two phases in different amounts so they move at different rates, which separates the mixture. When the solvent is at the top remove the paper and leave it to dry.

Simple distillation

A separation technique that can be used to separate a liquid or solvent from a solution or mixture using boiling points.

Boiling points

The temperature at which a substance changes a liquid to gas state

Main use

To purify water

Explain my beautiful diagram

Simple distillation involves heating a mixture into the lowest boiling point so it evaporates and the water rises to the top of the flask, and the pressure forces down the condenser. Water pours in like a cooling jacket, so the vapor condenses back into water ( because of the cold temperature ), and then it is collected into a separate container. The liquid is called distillate. The solute now separated from the solvent is left behind.

Evaporation (technique)

A technique that removes a liquid from a solution and leaves the Soluble solid that was dissolved in the solution.

Evaporation (scientific meaning)

A change of state from liquid to gas, occurring when particles leave the surface of a liquid only. It can happen at any temperature

Boiling

A change of state form Louis to age occurring when gas bubbles form throughout a liquid. This happens at a boiling point

Explain the steps of this method

Step one- pour the solution into the evaporating basin

Step two- place the evaporating basin on a beaker of water

Step three- heat using a Bunsen burner

Step four- the Bunsen burner will heat the water and cause steam to slowly heat the basin

Step fiveeee- the liquid will ✨evaporate ✨

When is it clear that you should not use evaporation, but crystallization?

Evaporation only works if they solid does not decompose when heated. If it does you should use crystallization.

Uses: painting, writing, printing with ink. Explain how drying is also evaporation

When you use the mixture (ink) the chemicals that make it watery and spreadable evaporate, leaving the soluble solid behind (the color on the paper)

Filtration

a technique that spectates an insoluble solid from a liquid/solution

Label the equipment

Comical flask

Filter funnel

Beaker

Filter paper

Explain the steps

1- fold the filter paper in half, twice

2- place the filter paper as a cone into the filter funnel and put it in the top of the flask

3- pour the mixture through the funnel (with the filter paper)

Filter paper-

Has tiny holes which allows water particles to pass (which forms filtrate). But the insoluble solid cannot pass through the tiny holes. They are left in the filter paper and form residue.

What is residue and what is filtrate?

Filtrate- the cleaned liquid

Residue- the remains of the unclean stuff that was in the liquid