Chem Chapter 2

Octet Rule

atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to have full outer shell provides an important basis on which to predict how bonds form

Ionic Bond

the attractive electrostatic force between and negative ion and a positive ion; bonds behave like flexible springs instead of sticks

Ionic Compound

A chemical compound composed of ions that are held together by ionic bonds

Covalent Bonds

formed when two non-metal atoms share electrons and the shared electrons in the bond belong to both atoms

Molecular Compound

chemical compound held together by covalent bonds

Single Bond

results from atoms sharing one pair of electrons

Double Bond

results from atoms sharing two pairs of electrons

Triple Bond

results from atom sharing three pairs of electrons

Bonding Pair

a pair of electrons that is shared by two atoms, thus forming a covalent bond

Lone Pair

a pair of electrons that is not a part of a covalent bond

Polyatomic Ion

a molecular compound with an excess or a deficit of electrons and a charge; usually consisting of two or more atoms

Electronegativity Difference

the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms

Polar Covalent Bonds

where the sharing of electrons is uneven, making one end slightly positive and the other slightly negative

Why do atoms bond?

to gain full outer energy level

How do atoms bond?

when their valence electrons interact

When drawing Lewis Diagrams for Ionic Compounds what is important to remember?

Electrons of meals are represented as open circles, Electron of non-metals are represented as dots.

What is the only poitive polyatomic ion?

Ammonium (NH₄⁺¹)

What does electronegativity indicate in terms of bond formation and type?

The relative ability of an atom of a given element to attract shared electron. In general electrons spend more time around the atom with greater electronegativity.

Chemical Formula

show kind and number of atoms in the smallest representation

Formula Unit

the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound

Acids

compound that ionize, or come apart in water and release hydrogen

Bases

compounds that produce a hydroxide ion when they dissolve in water

IUPAC

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Oxoacid

an acid compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and atoms of at least one other element