Ch 9: Online and Mobile Media

Aggregator sites

websites that offer help navigating the web by collecting information from various online sources and putting them in one place

ARPAnet

the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network; the first nationwide computer network, which became the first major component of the internet

Broadband service

a high-speed continuous connection to the internet using a cable modem from a cable television provider or a digital subscriber line from a phone company

Citizen journalism

journalism created by people other than professional journalists, often distributed over the internet

Cookies

tiny files that websites create to identify visitors and potentially track their actions on the site and the web

Deepfake

audio, video, or image, created through generative AI, that is fake but virtually indistinguishable from a real image or sound

Electronic mail (email)

a message sent from one computer user to another across a network

Generative AI

artificial intelligence programs such as ChatGPT that can create new content such as documents, images, videos, and computer code based on prompts from users

Hacker ethic

a set of values from the early days of interactive computing that holds that users should have absolute control over their computer systems and free access to all information contained on those computers; shaped much of the development of the internet

Hypertext

material in a format containing links that allow the reader to move easily from one section to another and from document to document (ex. web pages)

Hypertext markup language (HTML)

one of the three major components of the web; the programming language used to create and format web pages

Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

one of the three major components of the web; a method of sending text, graphics, or anything else over the internet from a server to a web browser

Instant messaging (IM)

email systems that allow two or more users to chat with one another in real time, hold virtual meetings that span multiple cities or even countries, and keep track of which of their “buddies” are currently logged on to the system

Internet

a diverse set of independent networks, interlinked to provide its users with the appearance of a single, uniform network

Mobile advertising ID

a unique ID on mobile devices that allows advertisers to identify which device is accessing their information

Mosaic

the first easy-to-use graphical web browser, developed by a group of student programmers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Packet switching

a method for breaking up long messages into small pieces, or packets, and transmitting them independently acrosss a computer network. once the packets arrive at their destination, the receiving computer reassembles the message into its original form

TCP/IP

transmission control protocol: controls how data is sent out on the internet; internet protocol: provides the address for each computer on the internet. these protocols provided common rules and translations so that incompatible computers could communicate with each other

Uniform resource locator (URL)

one of the three major components of the web; the address of content placed on the web

Weblog (blog)

a collection of links and commentary in hypertext form on the World Wide Web that can be created and posted on the internet with relatively little effort. can be public diaries, collections of photos, or commentaries on news

World Wide Web

a system developed by Tim Berners-Lee that allows users to view and link documents located anywhere in the world using standard software

3 components of the World Wide Web

URL, HTTP, HTML

3 things that turned internet into significant social force

WWW code posted to internet, commercial users allowed on to net for first time, first easy to use graphical web browser was written and posted to net