Anaerobic respiration

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17 Terms

1
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When does anaerobic respiration occur?

when oxygen is not available

2
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Why does the electron transport chain stop when oxygen is not present?

  • oxygen is not present to be the final electron acceptor

  • O2 + 4H+ —> H2O does not occur

  • H+ accumulates in the matrix

  • ATP synthase does not turn as often due to reduced proton-motive force

  • NADH and FADH2 build up

  • Krebs and link reaction reduce


3
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Can glycolysis occur without oxygen?

Yes. It can produce ATP without oxygen but only if NAD is replenished.

4
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What are the two pathways to reoxidise NAD in eukaryotes?

  1. Lactate fermentation

  2. Alcoholic fermentation


5
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How do animals reoxidise NAD in the absence of oxygen?

Lactate fermentation

6
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How do fungi and some plant cell reoxidise NAD in the absence of oxygen?

Alcoholic fermentation

7
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In what situations is lactate fermentation used in animals?

  • fight or flight reactions

  • very high intensity exercise


8
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What happens in lactate fermentation?

  • pyruvate acts as the hydrogen acceptor

  • it accepts the hydrogen atom from NADH


9
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What is the enzyme which catalyses lactate fermentation?

lactate dehydrogenase

10
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What is the hydrogen acceptor in lactate fermentation?

pyruvate

11
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What are the products of lactate fermentation?

  • lactate

  • NAD


12
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What is pyruvate reduced to in lactate fermentation?

lactate

13
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What happens to the lactate produced in lactate fermentation?

  • carried away by blood to the liver

  • oxygen is used to convert lactate back to glucose

  • can then be used again in respiration


14
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What does lactate dissolve to form in the blood + what is the impact?

  • dissolves to form lactic acid

  • reduces the pH in tissues

  • toxic to cells


15
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What happens in alcoholic fermentation?

  • pyruvate is decarboxylated to produce ethanal

  • ethanal accepts a H atom from NADH and becomes ethanol

  • regenerated NAD can be used again in glycolysis


16
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What enzyme catalyses the decarboxylation of pyruvate in alcoholic fermentation?

pyruvate decarboxylase

17
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What is the hydrogen acceptor in alcoholic fermentation?

ethanal