Unit 3: Topic 3 - Galactic Evolution & The Expanding Universe

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9 Terms

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Big Bang Theory

The scientific theory stating the universe expanded rapidly from a hot, dense point 13.8 billion years ago.

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Redshift

The stretching of light to longer wavelengths as an object moves away from Earth, proving cosmic expansion.

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Blueshift

The shortening of light wavelengths toward the blue end of the spectrum as an object moves toward Earth.

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Doppler Effect

The change in frequency or wavelength of light or sound waves caused by the relative motion of the source and the observer.

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Galaxy

A huge system of billions of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.

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Spiral Galaxies

A pinwheel-shaped galaxy with a central bulge and rotating curved arms containing young stars.

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Elliptical Galaxies

An oval or football-shaped galaxy consisting mostly of older stars with little dust or gas.

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Irregular Galaxies

A galaxy with no defined shape, often distorted by gravitational forces.

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Milky Way Galaxy

The spiral galaxy that contains our Sun and Earth.