Unit 4

Light microscope

400X-2,000X
living+nonliving specimens

Specimen under light microscope

seen living and in motion

Transmission Electron Microscope TEM

2 millionX
can’t see living things

Specimen under TEM

shows interior detail and small organelles

Scanning Electron Microscope SEM

50,000X
3D image
can’t see living things

specimen under SEM

colorized with photoshop
shows surface detail

Depth of field

thickness of specimen that is in focus

high power

low depth of field

low power

high depth of field

cell is

smallest unit that can posses life

unicellular

one cell

multicellular

more than one cell

Shape of cell

determines function

Size of cell

determines SA to volume ratio

cells need to balence

SA to volume ratio

cell theory

all living things composed of one or more cells
cells come from pre-existing cells
cells are basic unit and function of life

Robert Hooke

Observed cork and coined the term cell

Anton Van Leevwennoek

first to observe living cells

Matthias Schleiden

all plants are composed of cells

Theodor Schwann

all animals are composed of cells

Rudolph Virchow

all cells come from other living cells

lynn margulis

organelles in cells use to be free living cells

bacteria are

prokaryotic

animal, protist, fungi are

eukaryotic

all cells have

cell membrane

cytoplasm

cytoskeleton

ribosome

DNA+RNA

Prokaryotic have/are

no nucleus

DNA flouting in cytoplasm

simple cells

small in size

Eukaryotic have/are

have nucleus

other membrane bound organelle

DNA found in nucleus

more complex cells

larger in size

Prokaryotic are in these domains

archeae and bacteria

Eukaryotic are in these domains

eukarya and kingdoms

Three domains

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

four kingdoms

Aminalia, fungi, plantar, protista

cytoplasm

fluid gell like sustance

mostly water

protects organelles

cell membrane

double phospholipid bilayer

selective permitive barrier surrounding all cells

nucleus

DNA found here

control most cell prosses

nucleolus

makes ribosomes

found in nucleus

nuclear envelope/membrane

surrounds nucleus with holes

allows RNA and ribosomes to leave nucleus but not DNA

ribosomes

proteins made here

free flouting or attached to ER

mitochondria

converts energy stored in food into usable energy

ATP powers the cell

Endoplasmic reticulum

where proteins travel

two types of ER

what are the two types of ER

smooth and rough

RER

ribosomes attached to surface making and packing proteins

SER

no ribosomes on surface

makes fats like phospholipids and steroids

enzymes that detoxify blood

what type of cell has a lot of mitochondria found

muscle cells

what type of cell has a lot of ER

liver cells

cell wall

made of cellulose

makes cells have rigid shape

support and protect the cell

cell walls are found in

plant cells not animal

chloroplast

captures sun energy and changes it into chemical energy in photosynthesis