Reviewer sa Aralin 3 hanggang 6: Mga Isyung Politikal, Teritoryal, at Pang-ekonomiya

Vocabulary flashcards covering Lessons 3 through 6, detailing political dynasties, territorial and boundary disputes, economic policies and agencies, and maritime zones under international and domestic law.

Dinastiyang politikal

A political dynasty wherein family members concurrently or successively hold positions in government.

Sistemang padrino

The padrino system; granting favors, jobs, or protection in exchange for political support or votes.

Patronage appointments

The appointment of relatives or political allies to public offices to preserve and maintain influence.

Nepotismo

Favoring relatives for positions regardless of their actual competence or qualifications.

Transparency

The openness of the government regarding its public information, transactions, and activities.

Accountability

The responsibility and answerability of public officials for their actions and decisions.

Mahinang partidong politikal

Weak political parties characterized by reliance on personality rather than principles and platforms, serving as a cause of political dynasties.

Mga angkan sa aklat

The specific political families cited in the textbook: Marcos, Aquino, Duterte, Estrada, Cayetano, Villar, and Revilla.

Isyung teritoryal

A territorial dispute or controversy over the ownership or legal rights concerning a specific area.

Tunggalian sa hangganan

A boundary conflict or disagreement concerning the territorial limits and jurisdiction of nations.

Soberanya

The complete, supreme, and absolute power of a state over its territory.

Diplomasya

Peaceful dialogue, negotiation, and formal engagement between nations.

Militarisasyon

The buildup and deployment of soldiers, weapons, bases, and military equipment in a specific area.

Gray zone operations

Coercive actions or demonstrations of control that deliberately fall short of open, direct warfare.

Nine-dash line

The basis of China's expansive territorial claim in the South China Sea, which was rejected by the 2016 arbitral ruling.

Dagat Kanlurang Pilipinas

The West Philippine Sea, where ongoing boundary disputes impact national livelihood, the environment, national security, and state rights.

PDP 2023–2028

Philippine Development Plan; a six-year comprehensive national plan designed to generate jobs, reduce poverty, and promote economic development.

Foreign Investment Act of 2022 o RA 11647

A law amending foreign investment rules to attract foreign investors by permitting 100% foreign ownership in select sectors under certain conditions, offering startup guidance, expediting processes, and fostering local-foreign collaboration.

OTOP (One Town, One Product)

A program originated from Japan's OVOP (One Village, One Product) and implemented in the Philippines in 2003 to develop the distinctive local product of each municipality or city.

CREATE MORE Act of 2024

A listed legislative act formulated to stimulate and strengthen the national economy.

DTI Go Lokal!

A listed government program dedicated to supporting, endorsing, and promoting domestic Philippine products.

Digitalization

The adoption and utilization of digital technology in delivering government services.

Inobasyon

The creation and development of new products, concepts, ideas, or operational methods.

MSMEs

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (mikro, maliit, at katamtamang negosyo).

DTI

Department of Trade and Industry; the national agency in charge of trade, industry, and business support.

BOI

Board of Investments; the government agency responsible for approving investment proposals and granting incentives.

DEPDev (dating NEDA)

The government entity formerly called NEDA responsible for overall national economic development planning.

DOF

Department of Finance; the agency overseeing state finances, government revenues, and public debt.

IIPC

The agency responsible for coordinating investment promotion initiatives.

DOST

Department of Science and Technology; the government body providing technological assistance and product improvement.

Anti-political Dynasty Bill

A proposed law intended to prohibit or restrict relatives from serving concurrently or consecutively in public offices.

Political Party Reform

An initiative aimed at reforming political parties so they are anchored in core principles and platforms rather than personalities.

Party-List Reform Act

A legislative proposal intended to guarantee authentic representation for marginalized and underrepresented sectors.

FOI o Freedom of Information

The public right of access to official information, transactions, and state documents.

EO No. 2 noong 2016

An executive order issued in 2016 that operationalizes and institutionalizes Freedom of Information (FOI) across the executive branch.

Voter education

Programs designed to educate citizens on responsible voting and the critical scrutiny of electoral candidates.

Malayang pamamahayag

Free press; tasked with informing the public and guarding against abuses of government power.

UNCLOS 1982

An international convention that establishes the legal framework for maritime rights, ocean resource utilization, and marine conservation.

Hague Arbitral Ruling noong 12 Hulyo 2016

The landmark international ruling of July 12, 2016, that decided in favor of the Philippines on key maritime issues and dismissed the legal basis of China's nine-dash line.

Philippine Maritime Zones Act o RA 12064

Legislation clarifying and establishing the maritime zones, boundaries, and sovereign entitlements of the Philippines.

Philippine Archipelagic Sea Lanes Act

A law setting designated sea routes and air routes for the lawful transit of foreign vessels and aircraft.

Baseline

The starting reference line along the coast from which the limits of maritime zones are measured.

Internal waters

Waters situated landward of the baseline, including inland water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and bays.

Archipelagic waters

The bodies of water enclosed within an archipelago's designated archipelagic baselines.

Territorial sea

A maritime zone extending up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline over which the coastal state exercises sovereign authority.

Contiguous zone

A maritime zone extending up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline where the state has limited authority to enforce specific customs, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary laws.

EEZ

Exclusive Economic Zone; an area extending up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline where a coastal nation holds exclusive rights to explore and exploit natural resources.

Continental shelf

The seabed and subsoil of submarine areas extending beyond the territorial sea where a nation exercises sovereign exploration and exploitation rights over natural resources.

High seas

Oceans situated beyond Exclusive Economic Zones that remain open for the free use of all nations under international law.