Discovering Computers Module 4: Programs and Apps

Comprehensive fill-in-the-blank review flashcards covering productivity applications, digital graphics and media, virtual/augmented reality, AI, and security tools from Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices (17th Edition), Module 4.

Apps that run directly from a removable storage device, such as an external hard drive, flash drive, or the cloud, are called __________.

portable apps

An application written for a specific operating system and installed directly on a computer or mobile device is called a(n) __________.

native app

Web apps rely on HTML5 to display information, CSS to format information, and __________ to manage the app's performance.

JavaScript

Applications that allow users to make online purchases of goods and services directly using a mobile device are referred to as __________ apps.

mobile commerce (or m-commerce)

Restrictions regarding the use, modification, and distribution of programs and apps are defined by __________.

digital rights management (DRM)

Security measures that define who can use a program or app, as well as what specific actions they can perform, are called __________.

access controls

Software that is copyrighted and distributed at no cost for a trial period, requiring payment to continue use beyond that period, is called __________.

shareware

Copyrighted software provided at no cost by an individual or company that retains all rights is known as __________.

freeware

Software that carries no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution, allowing users to add functionality and sell or give it away, is called __________.

open-source

Programs and apps that have been donated for public use and have no copyright restrictions are in the __________.

public domain

A software license that allows an organization to provide access to as many users as they want is called a(n) __________.

site license

Software updates that are designed to address a single specific issue are called __________.

patches

A collection of software updates combined together into one package is known as a(n) __________.

service pack

The illegal copying of software, movies, music, and other digital materials is known as __________.

piracy

In a spreadsheet worksheet, the location formed by the intersection of a column and a row is called a(n) __________.

cell

A spreadsheet file containing a collection of related worksheets is called a(n) __________.

workbook

In presentation software, the overall template for a presentation format containing a theme, title style, text fonts, and backgrounds is called the __________.

slide master

A database that consists of a collection of tables where items are organized into columns and rows is called a(n) __________.

relational database management system (RDBMS)

In a relational database table, rows contain __________ while columns contain __________.

records; fields

The process of converting analog sound waves into digital sound is called __________.

sampling

Digital graphics that assign colors to the smallest picture elements, known as pixels, are called __________ graphics.

bitmap (or raster)

Digital graphics composed of shapes, curves, lines, and text defined by mathematical formulas are called __________ graphics.

vector

The compression method used by JPEG files that reduces file size by permanently discarding some data is called __________ compression.

lossy

The Windows Media Audio file format (.wma) uses __________ compression.

lossless

Music created as a digital file from the beginning using electronic instruments is produced by __________.

synthesizers (or synths)

Text-to-speech technology breaks words down into individual sound units called __________ before stringing them together into synthesized speech.

phonemes

A digital video file consists of two parts: a(n) __________ that encodes/decodes the data and a container that bundles all parts together.

codec

Under the Ultra High Definition (UHD) video standard, the $4\text{K}$ resolution format provides a resolution of __________.

$$3840 \times 2160$$

The 3-D computer graphic process of adding highlights and shadows to a wireframe drawing to produce a solid, realistic image is called __________.

rendering

An animation technique where creators physically move real-life objects through poses and photograph the movements one frame at a time is called __________ animation.

stop motion

Technology that superimposes digital media and information on top of a physical environment or location is called __________.

augmented reality (AR)

The goal of creating an interactive environment where physical and digital objects seamlessly coexist and interact is referred to as __________.

mixed reality

A branch of artificial intelligence that trains computer systems to learn from data, identify patterns, and improve performance with minimal human intervention is called __________.

machine learning

The form of data input that allows computing devices to interpret, digitize, and respond to spoken words or verbal commands is called __________.

natural language processing

A security utility that detects and protects a personal computer and its stored data against unauthorized network intrusions is a(n) __________.

personal firewall

A designated separate area on a storage drive where an antivirus tool isolates an infected file until it can be cleaned or deleted is a(n) __________.

quarantine

A fraudulent scheme where an attacker sends an official-looking email message attempting to steal personal or financial details is called __________.

phishing

A type of malicious attack that locks or encrypts personal files and demands payment to restore access is called __________.

ransomware