Year 12 Chemistry Reaction Cha

Alkene to Alkane

Reaction: Addition | Reagent: $H_2$ | Condition: $Ni$ or $Pt$ catalyst, heat

Alkene to Haloalkane

Reaction: Addition | Reagent: $HX$ ($HCl$, $HBr$, or $HI$) | Condition: None usually required

Alkene to Dihaloalkane

Reaction: Addition | Reagent: $X_2$ ($Br_2$ or $Cl_2$) | Condition: None usually required

Alkene to Alcohol

Reaction: Addition | Reagent: $H_2O$ | Condition: Acid catalyst, heat

Alkene to Alcohol

Reaction: Addition | Reagent: $H_2SO_4\left(aq\right)$ | Condition: heat

Alkene to Diol

Reaction: Oxidation | Reagent: $KMnO_4$ | Condition: Cold, mild conditions

Haloalkane to Alkene

Reaction: Elimination | Reagent: $KOH$ (ethanolic) | Condition: Heat

Haloalkane to Alcohol

Reaction: Substitution | Reagent: $KOH_{(aq)}$ | Condition: Heat

Haloalkane to Amine

Reaction: Substitution | Reagent: $NH_3$ (ethanolic) | Condition: Heat; excess $NH_3$

Amine to Salts

Reaction: Acid-base | Reagent: Carboxylic acids | Condition: None

Alkane to Haloalkane

Reaction: Substitution | Reagent: $Br_2$ or $Cl_2$ | Condition: UV light

Alcohol to Haloalkane

Reaction: Substitution | Reagent: $HX$, $SOCl_2$, $PCl_3$, or $PCl_5$ | Condition: Depends on reagent; heat may be required

Alcohol to Alkene

Reaction: Elimination (dehydration) | Reagent: Concentrated $H_2SO_4$ | Condition: Heat

Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

Reaction: Oxidation (primary alcohol) | Reagent: Acidified $KMnO_4$ ($H^+ / MnO_4^-$) | Condition: Heat; excess oxidising agent

Carboxylic Acid to Salts + $H_2$

Reaction: Acid-metal reaction | Reagent: Reactive metals, e.g. $Mg$ or $Zn$ | Condition: None usually required

Carboxylic Acid to Salts + $H_2O$

Reaction: Acid-base neutralisation | Reagent: Base, e.g. $NaOH$ or $KOH$ | Condition: None usually required

Carboxylic Acid to Salts + $CO_2$ + $H_2O$

Reaction: Acid-carbonate reaction | Reagent: Metal carbonates, e.g. $Na_2CO_3$, $CaCO_3$, or $MgCO_3$ | Condition: None usually required