Abd Final

what structure is the arrow pointing to?

vessels in the splenic hilum

what is this called?

what is number 1?

what is number 2?

what is number 3?

(short term)

portal triad

1) portal vein

2) hepatic artery

3) CBD

the splenic vein joins with what structure posterior to the pancreatic neck to form the portal vein?

superior mesenteric vein

which ligament attaches the spleen to the stomach?

splenorenal ligament

where is the aorta located?

retroperitoneum

1. what is the name of the 8 surgical labeling system of the liver?

2. label the liver segments (a-s):

(short term)

1. couinaud segments

2. a) 2

b) 3

c) 1

d) 4

e) 3

f) 2

g) 7

h) 8

i) 4a

j) 2

k) 7

l) 6

m) 5

n) 7

o) 8

p) 4a

q) 7

r) 8

s) 4a

which segment is this liver mass located? (short term)

segment 8

what type of pulp in the spleen is primarily responsible for filtering old or damaged red blood cells?

red pulp

which function is associated with the white pulp of the spleen?

immune response via lymphocytes

please name each of the letters with the correct anatomy: (short term)

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

a) spine

b) aorta

c) celiac trunk

d) hepatic artery

e) splenic artery

which vessel supplies the liver with partially-oxygenated blood?

portal vein

what is true about this image?

it has a normal arterial doppler for kidney

which condition is most likely to occur after splenectomy?

increased risk of infections

which structure can be seen anteriorly as a normal congenital projection of the liver that may extend as far as the iliac crest?

reidel’s lobe

what is the normal bladder wall thickness when the bladder is properly distended with urine?

3mm

which statements are true about this image?

this is a right lobe liver in longitudinal

what projects from the splenic capsule and divides the spleen into several compartments?

trabeculae

here are the abdominopelvic regions: match each letter with the correct region (matching question)

hypogastric region: H

right lumbar region: D

epigastric region: B

right hypochondriac region: A

left inguinal region: I

left hypochondriac region: C

right upper quadrant: J

left lower quadrant: M

right lower quadrant: L

rt inguinal: G

umbilical region: E

left upper quadrant: K

left lumbar region: F

you are scanning your patient for an abdomen pain and you find this “incidentaloma” in while scanning the right side in transverse. using ultrasound terms describe the location and then describe what the most likely diagnosis is. (short term)

we see a mass located posterior and medial to the right lobe of the liver and anterior to the right kidney. most likely diagnosis is an enlarged right adrenal gland

on Doppler ultrasound, normal portal vein flow is described as:

continuous hepatopetal

which of the following is NOT a branch of the portal vein?

hepatic vein

the SMV is located in which position relative to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

anterior

using ultrasonic terms describe the following image: (short term)

1. the spleen is ___ to the kidney cortex

2. the renal pyramids are ___ to the renal cortex

3. the renal sinus is ___ to the renal pyramids

4. the renal cortex is ___ to the renal sinus

5. the diaphragm is ____

1) isoechoic

2) hypoechoic

3) hyperechoic

4) hypoechoic

5) echogenic

which vessel is commonly used to delineate the right anterior and right posterior segments of the liver?

right hepatic vein

what is the arrow pointing to?

ligamentum teres

name the couinaud’s segment this mass is located. (short term)

segment 6

which vessel delivers blood to the liver that is rich in nutrients but only partially oxygenated?

portal vein

which of the following is found anterior to the crus of the diaphragm?

all of the above

which structure separates the functional right and left lobes of the liver in Couinaud’s system?

middle hepatic vein

which peritoneal layer lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity?

parietal

the proper hepatic artery branches off the:

common hepatic artery

what is your diagnosis for this image?

normal main portal vein

the ligamentum teres can be used to separate which liver segments?

left medial from left lateral

in this image name the following anatomy that the arrows are pointing to: (short term)

1. large arrow:

2. small arrow:

1) crus of the diaphragm

2) right renal artery

which of the following is true about the portal veins?

portal veins have brighter walls than the hepatic veins

the vessel located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery is the:

left renal vein

which of the following statements best describes the orientation of Couinaud segments?

divides vertically by hepatic veins and horizontally by portal vein branches

which ultrasound mode is most commonly used to assess the appendix

color doppler

the spleen is located in which abdominal quadrant?

left upper quadrant

the adrenal cortex produces all of the following EXCEPT:

adrenaline

the normal appendix diameter on ultrasound should measure less than:

6mm

why is the renal hilum an important landmark in ultrasound imaging of the kidney? (short term)

renal hilum is where all the renal arteries and renal veins pass through. the lymphatic vessels exit the hilum. the ureters exit from the renal hilum

on this image, what are the more distal branches bifurcating off the aorta?

iliac arteries

when evaluating the main portal vein, a measurement of whihc value is considered within normal limits?

1.3cm

the superior mesenteric vein empties into which vein?

portal

the spleen receives its blood supply from the splenic artery, which is a branch of the:

celiac axis

which anatomical structure, along with the left hepatic vein helps to separate the left hepatic lobe from the caudate lobe of the liver?

select one:

a. falciform ligament

b. cc. left coronary and suspensory ligaments

d. ligamentum venosum fissure

e. round ligament (ligamentum teres)

ligamentum venosum fissure

what is the physiologic flow pattern of hepatic veins seen on doppler?

pulsatile hepatofugal into the inferior vena cava

which function of the pancreas is performed by the islets of Langerhans?

endocrine (hormone secretion)

which peritoneal space contains the liver, spleen, stomach, and the first portion of the duodenum?

greater sac

name each of the letters with the correct anatomy (need to label right or left if it applies): (short term)

A.

B.

C.

D.

a) left lobe of liver

b) prox aorta

c) celiac axis

d) SMA

which of the following renal anatomy is the site of urine formation and contains nephrons

cortex

the left suprarenal vein drains directly into the:

left renal vein

what is the white arrow pointing to?

what should the measurement be to call this normal? (short term)

main pancreatic duct

measurement should be less than 3mm

the main pancreatic duct (Duct of Wirsung) drains into:

duodenum

the left portal vein divides into:

medial and lateral branches

which vessels drains blood from the right adrenal gland?

right suprarenal vein - directly into the inferior vena cava

which of the following is NOT a vascular landmark for visualizing the Pancreas

inferior mesenteric artery

which of the following sequences correctly ranks normal renal structures from the one with the lowest to the highest echogenicity on ultrasound?

medullary pyramids, renal cortex, renal sinus

which of the following hormones are responsible for the flight or fight response?

epinephrine or norepinephrine

this is a transverse image of your patient’s abdomen.

identify the following:

A.

B.

C.

D.

are they in the peritoneum or retroperitoneum? (short term)

a) aorta

b) hepatic artery

c) celiac trunk

d) splenic artery

retroperitoneum

what is the process called when the spleen destroys old red blood cells?

phagocytosis

which kidney structure collects urine from multiple nephrons and drains it into the ureter? (short term)

collecting ducts

which structure serves as the termination point for the hepatic veins?

IVC

a. what is the white arrow pointing to?

b. what is the yellow arrow pointing to? (short term)

a. SMA

b. left renal vein

which of the following is NOT part of the endocrine system?

prostate gland

when scanning sagitally through the liver fom Left to Right, what structure is visualized first?

aorta

the process of making red blood cells is called:

erythropoiesis

what organ’s main functions are to regulate blood volume and pressure, and excrete and filter wastes, along with hormone, sugar and vitamin synthesis?

kidney

what is the yellow arrow pointing to? (short term)

ligamentum venosum

in addition to a central portal vein branch and hepatic artery, what other structure is contained in each of the eight segments described by Couinad?

bile duct

which kidney is usually slightly lower than the other?

right

the appendix is attached to which part of the large intestine?

cecum

it is very important to know the normal findings for the appendix. list 2 normal findings for the appendix. also, what is the name of the location of the appendix?

the appendix should be compressible and measure less than 6mm the location of the appendix is in the RLQ

how many wall layers does the GI tract have (excluding the esophagus)?

5

which portion of the adrenal gland produces catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)?

medulla

which of the following features suggests appendicitis on ultrasound?

non-compressible tubular structure

name the segment this liver mass is located in. (short term)

segment 1

the spleen is a/an:

intraperitoneal organ

which sex hormone is secreted by the adrenal gland cortex?

androgen

which vessels enters and exits the spleen at the hilum?

splenic vein and splenic artery

which part of the kidney contains the renal pyramids?

renal medulla

what can you see on this image?

liver, gallbladder and portal vein

which statement about the adrenal glands is TRUE?

the right adrenal gland is triangular-shaped, and the left is crescent-shaped

which of the following is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas that is used to help digest carbohydrates?

amylase

which of the following is NOT a branch of the celiac artery?

superior mesenteric artery

which structure separates the intrahepatic right lobe from the left lobe of the liver?

main lobar fissure

in the spleen, what structure is made up of lymph tissues arranged around splenic arteriole?

white pulp

approximately what percentage of the liver’s blood is supplied by the portal vein?

75%

which of the following is an example of a vessel with normal hepatofugal flow?

hepatic veins

in couinad’s classification, which segment lies between the inferior vena cava and the ligamentum venosum?

segment I (caudate lobe)

which structure directly connects to the funnel-shaped renal pelvis to transport urine out of the kidney?

ureter

after birth, the ducts venosus becomes which structure in the liver?

a. main lobar fissure

b. ligamentum teres

c. falciform ligament

d. ligamentum venosum

e. ligamentum arteriosum

f. round ligament

ligamentum venosum

which structure is immediately superior to each kidney?

adrenal gland