biology meiosis

Synapsis

Homologous chromosomes pair up

crossing over

exchange genetic information

Centromere

the region that holds the sister chromatidds together

Replication

process of copying a chromosome, producing two sister chromatids

sister chromosomes

the two identical copies of a replicated chromosome

Homologous chromosome

A pair of two separate chromosomes | one chromosome from dad and other from mom

tetrad/bivalent

A group of four sister chromatids formed during meiosis when homologous chromosomes pair up.

zygote

46 chromosomes, developed when a sperm fertilizes an egg

diploid cell

46 chromosome, 2n

Prophase 1

Chromosomes pair up (synapsis), and exchange genetic material (crossing over), the nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibres assemble. Results in genetic variation

Metaphase 1

Homologous chromosome (tetrad) lines up at the equator. Use of spindle fibres, and centrioles at oppposite poles

Meiosis

nuclear division that produces four haploid cells from one diploid cell.

Chiasma

site of crossing over

non sister chromatids

chromatids that belong to two different homologous chromosomes.

meiosis 1

this separates homologous chromosomes (reduction division)

Meiosis 2

separated sister chromatids and is similar to mitosis | equational division

Spermatogenesis

production of sperm cells in males.

Oogenesis

production of egg cells (ova) in females

Maternal chromosome

The chromosome inherited from your mother.

Paternal chromosome

The chromosome inherited from your father.

Equational Division

type of cell division where the chromosome number stays the same in the resulting cells.

Reductional Division

type of cell division where the chromosome number is reduced by half in the resulting cells.

Replication

process of copying DNA to produce an identical copy of the original DNA.

Anaphase 1

Homologous chromosomes have separated and are moving to opposite poles ( with the help of spindle fibres) , while sister chromatids remain together

interphase

The stage when DNA replication occurs.

Telophase 1

two haploid cells are formed, cytokinesis occurs which divides the cell, forms 2 new haploid cells

cleavage furrow

pinching of the cell

Prophase 2

Spindle fibres develop, nuclear membrane dissppears

Metaphase II

spindle fibres attached to the centromere, chromosomes line up at the equator

Anaphase II

Sister chromatids separates, the chromatids moves to the opposite poles

Telophase II

chromosomes gather at the opposite ends of the cell, nucleoli reapper, nuclear membrane reforming, chromosomes unravel back into chromatin form. Forms 4 new haploids