MEdchem Exam 2

what does aromatic hydroxylation do & what is the enzyme responsible

adding an -OH group on an aromatic ring

CYP450

what does aliphatic hydroxylation do & what is the enzyme responsible

adds an -OH group on a C-H chain

CYP450

what does alkene/alkyne epoxidation do & what is the enzyme responsible

creates a “triangle” with O as the point

CYP450

what does S-oxidation do & what is the enzyme responsible

puts a =O on an S

CYP450 or FMO

what does N-oxidation do & what is the enzyme responsible

add an O- to an N+

CYP450 or FMO

what does N/O dealkyation do & what is the enzyme responsible

takes off an acetyl group (C-H) from N or O

CYP450

what does oxidative deamination do & what is the enzyme responsible

replaces NH2 with a =O

MAO

what does dehalogenation do & what is the enzyme responsible

replace halogen with =O

CYP450

what does alcohol dehydrogenase do & what is the enzyme responsible

turns an alcohol to an aldehyde and vice versa

alcohol dehydrogenase and CYP450

what does aldehyde dehydrogenase do & what is the enzyme responsible

turns aldehydes into carboxylic acids

aldehydye dehydrogenase and CYP450

what does reductive dehalogenation do & what is the enzyme responsible

changes halogen to Hydrogen

CYP450

what does nitro reduction do & what is the enzyme responsible

removes NO2 and makes it into H

! can cause toxicity ! —> inhibits CYPS by binding heme

CYP450 and nitroreductases

what does azo reduction do & what is the enzyme responsible

splits N-N bond

azoreductases and CYP450

what does carbonyl reductase do & what is the enzyme responsible

turns =O into OH

CRs or AKRs

what does carboxylesterases do & what is the enzyme responsible

turn esters into carboxylic acids

activates prodrugs

esterases

what is the goal of phase I metabolism

add or expose a polar functional group (-OH, -NH, -SH)

activate or inactivate a drug

what is the goal of phase II metabolism

add a large hydrophilic group

maximize excretion from the body

what does glucuronidation do & what is the enzyme responsible

adds group to an O, S, NH, COO

UGT / UDP

what does sulfation do & what is the enzyme responsible

adds group to OH or NH

SULT / PAPS

what does gluathione conjugation do & what is the enzyme responsible

unravels a ring and adds group

GST/GSH

acteylation (enzyme / cofactor)

NAT / acetyl coA

methylation (enzyme / cofactor)

methyltransferase / SAM

amino acid conjugation (enzyme / cofactor)

ATP dependent acid-CoA synthetase / acetyl CoA