Intro to Information Systems

technology infrastructure

An organization's data center, servers, software applications, and databases are an example of its

_______________________________.

A university student turns on a computer in the lab.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a process?

value chain

A series of activities that an organization performs to transform inputs into outputs in such a way that the value of the input is increased is a ____________.

They are not fully integrated into the value chain and supply chain processes and can easily be separated from

their integral components.

Which of the following is NOT true about Amazon's proprietary information systems?

An information system's most important component is its data component.

Which of the following is NOT true about information systems?

data

An information system is a combination of hardware and software components, along with _________, processes,

and people, that function collaboratively to complete a task

organizational

Strategic planning is a process that helps leaders identify initiatives and projects that will achieve ______________ objectives.

other business units

An organization develops an overall strategic plan, which then sets the direction for ___________ of the organization

competitive advantage

To maintain ________________, organizations and their products and services must continually evolve to

account for changes in customer needs, market conditions, industry conditions, and competitor actions.

End users

____________ are people who work directly with information systems and can include anyone in the organization such as receptionists, financial managers, salespeople, executives, and manufacturing line operators.

people, technology

The Five-Component Model also shows that information systems move work away from __________ and into ____________.

supply chain

The ____________________ encompasses the processes required to get the right product or service into the

right consumer's hands in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost

supply chain

The ____________________ is a key value chain whose primary processes include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing, and sales.

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

Which information systems career employs the department's resources (including equipment, budgets, and personnel) in a manner that best achieves the goals of the organization?

business analyst

Which information systems career is responsible for improving a company's competitiveness and performance

across a broad spectrum of criteria, often specializing in a particular functional area?

set objectives and key results

Which phase of the strategic planning process involves written descriptions of what the business wants to

achieve?

Digital transformation

_______________ is the process of significantly modifying existing services, products, and procedures using

information systems, especially in the expanded use of connectivity.

organizational change

A significant contributor to IT project failures is overlooking how the project deals with ___________.

provides a set of measures for IT spending on organizational projects

The following are examples of the benefits of strategic planning EXCEPT:

initiatives, mission

The __________ are temporary and will change constantly, whereas the values, __________, and vision will often not change

The threat of new entrants is high.

Which of the statements below is NOT true about the United States domestic airline industry based on analyzing the industry with Porter's Five Forces Model?

key result

A(n) ____________ is a specific, measurable result that must be achieved to reach an objective.

Innovation

_________________ is the application of new ideas to the products, processes, and activities of a firm, leading

to increased value

Innovation

_________________ is/are the catalyst for the growth and success of any organization. It can build and sustain

profits, create new challenges for the competition, and provide added value for customers.

Reengineering, continuous improvement

_______________ involves top-down change driven by senior executives, whereas _______________ involves bottom-up change driven by workers.

technology acceptance model

Which of the following is a theoretical framework that assesses the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of

use for a technology or information system?

diffusion of innovation theory

A key point of a/the _____________ is that adoption of any innovation does not happen all at once for all members of the targeted population; rather, it is a drawn-out process, with some people quicker to adopt the innovation than others.

memory

The __________ is a fundamental computer hardware system component that provides the processor with a working area to store program instructions and data.

input/output device

A(n) __________ is one of the three fundamental computer hardware system components. Examples include

devices such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, speakers, and printer.

nonvolatility; greater capacity; greater economy

Compared to main memory (RAM and ROM), secondary storage has advantages, including ____, ____, and

____.

plotter

Which of the following is not an example of an input device?

server

A ___________ is a specialized computer employed by many users to perform a specific task, such as running a web site, email, or application.

backward compatibility

The ability in newer models of computer hardware or newer releases of an operating system to continue to

support software written for previous versions of the hardware or operating system, even if the software was created years or decades ago, is considered ______________.

SaaS applications are available from any computer or any device—anytime, anywhere.

What is the main advantage of software as a service (SaaS)?

primary key

One characteristic of a relational database is that each row in a table is uniquely identified by a ____________.

quality

Data __________ is essential to accurate and informed decision making.

timely

A positive flu test result was reported to the doctor one month after the patient was fully recovered. This is an

example of which characteristic of quality data and information?

accessible

A student can view their current grades for the course to determine the score they will need on the final exam.

This is an example of which characteristic of quality data and information?

economic

A marketing company sales representative stops by a local bakery and asks the owner if they would be interested in a software program that will allow them to track important sales-related information about customers, products, and trends. The salesperson explained that this information is available immediately after every customer's purchase without additional effort from the bakery's staff. The cost of the program is more than the company's revenues for three months. This is an example of which characteristic of quality data and information?

Low-quality data and information increase innovation and lead to customer satisfaction.

The following statements best describe the benefits of quality data, except:

data mangement

_______________ is an integrated set of functions that defines the processes by which data is obtained, certified

fit for use, stored, secured, and processed to ensure that the accessibility, reliability, and timeliness of the data meet the needs of the data users in an organization.

entities

A bakery database stores data about employees, products, customers, and orders. These are all examples of ________.

business processes

A transactional or operational database should be designed to reflect the ________________ of the organization

What is the data modeling software that will be used?

Which question below should not be considered when designing a database?

It provides a benchmark against the competitor's database software package and identifies any gaps in how it helps to meet the competitor organization's data needs.

Which statement below is not a benefit of an enterprise data model?

Data Definition Language (DDL)

A database schema can also be defined using a _______________, which is a collection of instructions and

commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a database

number of foreign keys needed for an item

A data dictionary may contain the following data for each field, except:

Data control language (DCL)

____________ is a language that allows a database administrator to manage user privileges.

database as a service (DaaS)

Amazon offers ____________, where customers can store data on Amazon's servers and access it over the

internet with database administration managed by Amazon.

key performance indicators

Stella's Bakery wants to track progress toward reaching its strategic business goals. One such goal is to increase

the average transaction value by 15% within the next year. The CEO and management should use which of the

following to track this goal?

A positive correlation indicates a relationship where the two variables move in the same direction.

Which of the following statements about correlation for two variables is true?

decision tree

An algorithm used to create and visualize classification and regression modeling tasks is known as _________.

Uber uses a dynamic pricing model to analyze real-time data about user demand, traffic, driver availability, route

distance, and more

Which of the following best illustrates the use of machine learning for business?

Companies should engage and train professionals with either business expertise or analytical skills to analyze

data effectively and make decisions

The following statements are true about decision making and business intelligence, except:

linear programming

Jenna uses Microsoft Excel Solver to find the optimal price for tickets to a school dance. The expenses of the

hall rental, food, and linens, maximum number of attendees, and ticket price are entered into the program to help solve the problem. What type of business intelligence technique is Jenna most likely using?

a technique that employs a natural selection-like process to find approximate solutions to optimization and search

problems

Which of the following best describes a genetic algorithm?

E-commerce allows businesses to reach more prospects, reduce costs, scale easily, and provide around-the-clock

access to customers

Which of the following statements is true?

lower overhead costs

What is a key advantage of e-commerce over physical, "brick-and-mortar" stores?

increasing the need for inventory

E-commerce reduces costs in the following ways except:

examine

Which of the following is not one of the five National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Framework

functions?

order placement, warehouse processing, order shipping, order delivery

What are the steps in the order fulfillment process?

To fulfill orders quickly and economically, smaller e-commerce retailers like Francesca's can contract with a

service such as Amazon Fulfillment Services to perform order fulfillment.

Francesca's Home Décor is a small online business that sells pictures, candles, and other home products. The

company is having a tough time competing with other, larger online retailers with respect to fulfillment. What can

Francesca do to better compete in order fulfillment?

A competitor can deliver its products to the customer in two days—four days faster than Three Feathers Furniture.

Three Feathers Furniture can evaluate its e-commerce business using SWOT analysis. Which of the following is

an example of a threat to Three Feathers Furniture?

consortium-operated

Which electronic data interchange (EDI) platform is managed by a group of traditionally competing companies with common procurement needs?

scalability

The choice of which electronic data interchange (EDI) platform to use depends on the following main factors

except:

Marketing analytics

___________ tools allow e-commerce businesses to gather and analyze data from a variety of online sources.

Gamification marketing

Target has a reward program in its mobile app where customers can earn a $10 gift card if they spend $75 or

more in each of three separate transactions. A progress "sticker" is placed in the app to show progress toward the

goal. What type of marketing technique is Target using?

Affiliate Marketing

Huda Kattan uses various social media platforms, including Instagram, YouTube, and her own cosmetics blog, to promote her own brands as well as the brands of others with which she has strategic partnerships. She earns commissions for sales generated through links to the products she promotes. What type of marketing technique is she using?

click-through rate (CTR)

What metric is a main measure of success for the number of users reached by an online advertisement?

online transaction processing system

A(n) _____________ is a form of data processing where each transaction is processed immediately without the

delay of accumulating transactions

customer relationship management systems.

Each of the systems below is a type of transaction processing system except

data collection, data editing, data correction, data processing, data storage, output production

Select the activity list below with the activities in the transaction processing cycle.

data editing

A Target associate scans a product, but the product is not found in the database. Therefore, the transaction is

rejected. Which activity in the transaction processing cycle is this?

output production

Which activity in the processing transaction cycle involves generating records such as documents, reports, and

files containing important data elements?

enterprise system

Which system shares information across all business functions and at all levels of management to support the

running and managing of the business?

inclusion of legacy systems.

The following are the advantages of enterprise resource planning systems except:

sourcing and procuring finished materials

Which activity is not included in supply-chain management (SCM) systems?

customer relationship management

The key features of a(n) _______________ system include contact management, sales management, customer

support, and marketing automation.

increased marketing research

The following are the benefits of a product lifecycle management system except:

simplification of business processes.

The following are challenges to the successful implementation of an ERP except:

reduced availability and reliability issues

The following are the advantages of a hosted software model for an ERP except:

high availability

Cloud services include the following characteristics except:

if a local hardware or software failure occurs at one of the CSP's data centers, the service will be unavailable until

the issue is resolved.

The following statements are true of public cloud service providers (CSPs) except:

higher upfront costs

Which of the following is not a potential disadvantage of public cloud computing?

multicloud

An organization can overcome vendor lock-in with _____________.

IoT devices do not need an Internet protocol (IP) address.

The following statements are true of the Internet of Things (IoT) except:

Cloud repatriation

_____________ is the process of an organization moving its workloads out of the cloud and back to on-

premises infrastructure

predict and adapt

Using data to perform predictive analytics and initiate preemptive action is related to which type of Internet of

Things (IoT) applications?

transform and explore

Using sensor data combined with external data to provide new insights, enabling the creation of new business

models, products, and services, is related to which type of Internet of Things (IoT) applications?

MindTap, a student learning tool

Which of the following is not an example of using Artificial intelligence (AI)?

The machine is given a training dataset and examples are provided so the machine can memorize and store

correct answers

Which of the following best describes supervised learning?

natural language processing (NLP)

Virtual assistants such as Alexa, Siri, and Google voice search are examples of __________.

generative ai

Farhan asked DALL-E to create an image to help emphasize his message for a presentation. The image

resembles human-generated content and uses deep learning and predictive modeling. What type of artificial

intelligence (AI) program did Farhan most likely use?

Co-pilots

_____________ are intelligent systems designed to work alongside humans, acting as virtual assistants to

enhance efficiency, safety, and decision making

Robotics

_________________ is a combination of mechanical engineering, computer science, artificial intelligence (AI),

and machine learning used to create a device that can perform tasks with a high degree of precision.

AI can feel emotions and have consciousness.

The following statements about artificial intelligence (AI) are true except:

large language model (LLM)

What type of artificial intelligence (AI) uses chatbots that can engage in natural conversations with customers by

answering questions and resolving issues?

They provide greater precision and control.

What is the main advantage of using robotic surgical systems such as da Vinci in surgeries?

AI can be programmed with ethical guidelines, and it will fully understand and apply these considerations.

The following statements about artificial intelligence (AI) and decision making are true except:

simulating human emotion

Which of the following is not a characteristic of artificial intelligence (AI)?