UNIT 4: MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Clean lines

n, /kliːn laɪnz/, Đường nét tối giản / Đường nét thanh thoát, A design style characterized by simple, uncluttered, and straight edges without excessive flourishes., "Modernist buildings are celebrated for their clean lines and unobstructed geometric forms.", minimalist edges, sleek contours, straight profiles

Cultural memory

n, /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈmeməri/, Ký ức văn hóa, The shared pool of memories, heritage, and knowledge of a society embodied in historic architecture and monuments., "Preserving the ancient town center preserves the cultural memory of the local community.", collective heritage, historical memory, cultural legacy

Decorative details

n, /ˈdekərətɪv ˈdiːteɪlz/, Chi tiết trang trí, Ornamental elements added to a structure or interior purely to enhance visual appeal., "Classical facades feature intricate decorative details such as moldings and cornices.", embellishments, adornments, ornamental trims

Digital tools

n, /ˈdɪdʒɪtl tuːlz/, Công cụ kỹ thuật số, Software applications like CAD and BIM used by architects for 3D modeling and structural simulation., "Architects leverage advanced digital tools to model complex parametric facades.", computational design software, BIM tools, CAD software

Efficiency

n, /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/, Hiệu quả (năng lượng / công năng), The capability of a building or system to operate with minimal waste of energy, thermal loss, or materials., "Triple-glazed windows maximize the thermal efficiency of modern skyscrapers.", productivity, energy performance, resource optimization

Environmental performance

n, /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl pəˈfɔːməns/, Hiệu suất môi trường, The measurable ecological impact and sustainability metrics of a building across its entire lifecycle., "The new university library earned LEED Platinum certification for its superior environmental performance.", eco-efficiency, green building performance

Flexibility

n, /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/, Tính linh hoạt, The spatial capacity of an architectural structure to adapt easily to changing user needs and reconfigurations., "Movable partition walls grant the office space maximum flexibility for collaborative work.", adaptability, versatility, modularity

Function

n, /ˈfʌŋkʃn/, Công năng / Chức năng, The practical purpose or intended utilitarian role of a building or interior space., "The modernist maxim "form follows function" dictates that design must prioritize utility.", purpose, utility, role, practicality

Geometric forms

n, /ˌdʒiːəˈmetrɪk fɔːmz/, Hình khối hình học, Definitive mathematical shapes such as squares, circles, triangles, prisms, and cylinders used in structural design., "The museum facade incorporates bold geometric forms that create dramatic shadow play.", spatial geometries, mathematical shapes, structural polygons

Green technology

n, /ɡriːn tekˈnɒlədʒi/, Công nghệ xanh, Innovative environmental technologies used to make buildings sustainable, reduce emissions, and harvest renewable power., "Integrating green technology like geothermal heating substantially reduces building operational costs.", clean tech, eco-technology, sustainable tech

Heritage

n, /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/, Di sản / Di sản kiến trúc, Valued architectural traditions, historical buildings, and monuments passed down through generations., "Adaptive reuse allows architects to conserve industrial heritage while creating modern art spaces.", cultural legacy, historic tradition, architectural legacy

History

n, /ˈhɪstri/, Lịch sử, The study and chronological continuum of past architectural styles, cultures, and structural innovations., "The architect drew inspiration from the city’s rich history of colonial craftsmanship.", past, chronicle, historical context

Industrial materials

n, /ɪnˈdʌstriəl məˈtɪəriəlz/, Vật liệu công nghiệp, Standardized factory-manufactured construction materials such as reinforced concrete, structural steel, and plate glass., "Loft conversions often expose raw industrial materials like brickwork and iron beams.", manufactured materials, structural raw components

Innovation

n, /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/, Sự đổi mới sáng tạo, The creative introduction of novel construction methods, smart materials, or spatial concepts., "Cross-laminated timber (CLT) represents a major innovation in sustainable high-rise construction.", breakthrough, inventiveness, novel method

Local identity

n, /ˈləʊkl aɪˈdentəti/, Bản sắc địa phương, The distinctive cultural character, vernacular traditions, and spatial traits specific to a particular locality., "Using indigenous terracotta tiles reinforces the building’s local identity.", regional character, vernacular identity, genius loci

Minimal decoration

n, /ˈmɪnɪml ˌdekəˈreɪʃn/, Trang trí tối giản, An aesthetic philosophy that avoids unnecessary ornamentation in favor of simplicity and functional purity., "The interior embraces minimal decoration to emphasize natural sunlight and timber textures.", understated decor, minimalist aesthetic

Open spaces

n, /ˈəʊpən ˈspeɪsɪz/, Không gian mở, Unenclosed spatial zones within or between structures that facilitate movement, social gathering, and light distribution., "The modern campus plan includes generous open spaces and landscaped courtyards.", expansive layouts, unobstructed areas, public plazas

Ornamentation

n, /ˌɔːnəmenˈteɪʃn/, Nghệ thuật trang trí / Hoa văn trang trí, Decorative accessories, reliefs, carvings, or patterns added to embellish a building’s surface., "Gothic cathedrals feature rich sculptural ornamentation including gargoyles and filigree.", adornment, embellishment, decorative detailing

Smart technology

n, /smɑːt tekˈnɒlədʒi/, Công nghệ thông minh (tòa nhà), Automated digital building management systems that dynamically control HVAC, lighting, and access., "Smart technology automatically adjusts window louvers to optimize indoor daylighting.", intelligent building systems, BMS tech

Solar panels

n, /ˈsəʊlə ˈpænlz/, Tấm pin năng lượng mặt trời (Solar panels), Photovoltaic modules that convert sunlight directly into electrical power., "Installing solar panels across the warehouse roof satisfies 80% of its electrical demand.", photovoltaic cells, PV modules, solar arrays

Steel and glass

n, /stiːl ænd ɡlɑːs/, Thép và kính (vật liệu kiến trúc), A defining material combination of 20th and 21st-century modern architecture symbolizing openness and structural lightness., "The financial tower was constructed from steel and glass, reflecting the surrounding city skyline.", curtain wall materials, modernist industrial materials

Symmetry

n, /ˈsɪmətri/, Tính đối xứng, A balanced and proportionate arrangement of architectural elements mirrored across an axis., "Classical Renaissance palaces relied on strict bilateral symmetry to project harmony and order.", balance, proportional harmony, equipoise

Wind turbines

n, /wɪnd ˈtɜːbaɪnz/, Tua bin gió, Devices that harness kinetic wind energy and convert it into clean electricity, sometimes integrated into building crowns., "Micro wind turbines installed on high-rise parapets generate power from coastal drafts.", aerogenerators, wind power generators