Italian 1502 Midterm: Grammatica

list all DOPs

mi, ti, ci, vi, lo/la (he/she/it), li/le (loro) (NO GLI!!!)

list all IOPs

mi, ti, ci, vi, gli/le (he/she/it), gli (loro)

Do DOPs change verb agreement?

Yes, they change to agree with what the DOP replaces! Because they are people-pleasers!

What is the function of a DOP?

to replace the main object (what receives the action, not subject, which is what gives/does the action!) of the sentence

Do IOPs change verb agreement?

No! Because they are rude and nonchalant, and don’t care enough to change or people-please!

what is the function of an IOP?

replaces “to whom?” or “with what?” in the sentence, often indicated by the presence of “a” or “con”

in double pronouns, what is the order of IOPs and DOPs?

the IOP goes directly before the direct object pronoun (because IOPs are very rude)

the “i” in mi, ti, ci, vi becomes…

an “e” (ti becomes te, ci becomes ce, vi becomes ve)

we use what pronoun instead of the IOP “le” (her/she, feminine)?

gli

do we change verb agreement for double pronouns?

Yes! (for example: ce li ha dati)

what is the definition and significance of “dei”

translates to “some”, and signifies the need to use “ne” as a pronoun

When do you use a conjugated essere helping verb?

When the main verb is intransitive, reflexive, indicates motion, indicates stasis, or indicates a change of state

IMPORTANT NOTE FOR CONJUGATING A VERB PHRASE THAT TAKES ESSERE!

THE PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB MUST AGREE IN GENDER AND NUMBER WITH THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE

When do you use a conjugated avere helping verb?

With all transitive verbs :D

when do you use the relative pronoun “che”?

used most often, substitutes a noun, joins two clauses together (one main and the other subordinate), NEVER used with prepositions

when do you use the relative pronoun “il quale”?

used when the subject or object is ambiguous, sometimes used with prepositions, is variable (the agreement changes: il quale, la quale, i quali, le quali)

when do you use the relative pronoun “cui”?

does not change, always used with prepositions (a, in, da, di, con, per, etc)

when do you use the relative pronoun “chi”?

means “everyone/tutte le persone”, often used at the beginning of a sentence (do not confuse with “chi” meaning “who”)