CRIM 2P61 Final Exam Study Answers

A comprehensive set of study flashcards related to the themes, concepts, and critiques of crime and harm within criminology.

Legal definition of crime

Crime is defined as an act that violates criminal law.

Limitations of legal definitions of crime

They ignore serious harms that are legal, treat crime as a statist category, and narrow responses to punishment.

Difference between crime and harm

Crime is legally defined; harm refers to actual damage done whether or not it is illegal.

Foucault's concept of the 'carceral'

Refers to a network of power and control extending beyond prisons into everyday life.

Zemiology

The study of social harm rather than crime, focusing on damaging actions even if not illegal.

Critical criminology

Examines who benefits from crime definitions and whose harms are ignored, emphasizing social justice.

Mystification in cultural criminology

The process where media representations obscure deeper power relations and structural causes of crime.

Intersectional feminism

Focuses on how overlapping identities shape experiences of crime and victimization.

Carceral feminism

Feminist approaches relying on the criminal justice system to address gendered violence.

Queering criminology

Studies regulation and criminalization of sexuality and gender, critiquing heteronormativity.

Focus of criminology historically

Concentrates on street crime due to its visibility and compatibility with state interests.

Crimes of the powerful

Difficult to recognize and prosecute due to normalization, framing as 'mistakes,' and state complicity.

Zemiology's contribution

Shifts focus from legality to actual social damage caused by corporate conduct.

Environmental criminology vs. green criminology

Environmental criminology studies geography of crime; green criminology studies environmental harm.

Three analytical areas of green criminology

Environmental justice, species justice, and ecological justice reveal different dimensions of environmental harm.

Resource extraction and crime

Many harms from resource extraction are not treated as crimes due to legal protections for economic interests.

Criminology and colonialism according to Agozino

Criminology has historically justified colonial rule through punishment and surveillance.

Impassive reasoning vs. committed objectivity

Impassive reasoning claims neutrality; committed objectivity embraces lived experiences in research.

Bear Clan Patrol practices

Embodies Critical Indigenous Criminology by building community safety through Indigenous knowledge.

Tina Fontaine and Colten Boushie cases

Illustrate over-policing of Indigenous peoples and under-protection of victims by the legal system.

Critical Indigenous Criminology as praxis

It emphasizes the integration of theory with political struggle and community empowerment.

Lived experience in convict and survivor criminology

Both argue that lived experience is a valid source of knowledge about harm and justice.

Centres of convict and survivor criminology

Convict criminology focuses on those criminalized; survivor criminology focuses on victims of crime.

Positioning incarcerated women as knowledge producers

Treating them as experts based on lived experience brings unique insights into harm and justice.

Mainstream criminology's limitations

Misses crucial concepts like trauma-informed analysis and structural critiques needed for understanding harm.

Joint revelation of convict and survivor criminology

Justice requires more than punishment; it demands accountability, care, and recognition of trauma.

Prison Industrial Complex

The network of interests that supports prison expansion despite its failures in creating safety.

Radical dependence by Gilmore

Highlights that safety and well-being are collective achievements, challenging punitive individualism.

Restorative justice vs. transformative justice

Restorative justice repairs harm post-incident; transformative justice addresses root causes of harm.

Documentaries' insight on justice and accountability

Suggest that justice requires collective experiences, care, and accountability beyond punishment.