Lecture 11 Protista (For Exam2)

“Archaezoa” Kingdoms Diplomonadida and Parapasala

Appear to have lost mitochondria

• k. Diplomonadida and k. Parabasala parasitic

• Evolved before mitochondria became endosymbionts

Kingdom Diplomonadida

Synapomorphies

• Possess MITOSOMES

• Symmetrically arranged double sets of organelles

Characteristics

• 4-8 flagella

• Paired nuclei

• Lack mitochondria & Golgi apparatus

• Produce cysts

• Parasitic/symbiotic (Hikers butt)

  • 2% Adults, 10% children globally 6/100,00 in US

Kingdom Parabasala

Synapomorphies

• Possess hydrogenosomes

• Undulating membrane w/paired flagella

• Possess parabasal fibers attached to golgi complex

Characteristics

• Lack mitochondria

• Parasites of animals only

• 122 million people globally

Mitosomes

Reduced forms of mitochondria with an unclear function

Hydrogenosomes

Membrane-bound organells in anaerobic ciliates/flagellates = highly modified mitochondria

• Alternative mechanism of ATP production

Giardia Lamblia

“Beaver Fever”

• 10s of thousands in US alone

• Fecal-oral transmission

• 2% adults globally 10% children

Trichomonas Vaginalis

“Trich” or “Ping Pong Disease”

• Vaginal/urethral parasite

• 122 M cases annualy

• Itching, discharge, burning

• Sex transmission

• Treat with Metronidazole

Relationship among Bacillus, Enterobacter, Cellulomonas”

Live Inside of Streblomastyx and Trichomonas (Termite guts break down cellulose)

Kingdom Euglenozoa, division Euglenophyta Synapomorphies

• Possess flagella w/ crystalline rod or spiral at base of each flagellum

• Anterior chamber w/ two flagella

• Possess paramylon

Euglenozoa, Euglenophyta Characteristics

• eye spot

• autotrophic

• mixotrophic

Kingdom Euglenozoa, Phylum Kinetoplastida

Synapomorphy

• Possess kinetoplast (mitochondrion w/ circular DNA)

Characteristics

• Consume prokaryotes

• Parasitize stuff

Trypanosoma Brucei

Kinetoplastida

• Causes african sleeping sickness

• Tsetse fly (40,000 cases)

Trypanosoma Cruzi

Kinetoplastida

• Kissing bug (Rhodnius Prolixus) spreads

• Feces from bug vector for parasites

Kingdom Aleveolata

Synapomorphy

• Possess alveoli

Alveolata, Division Dinophyta

Synapomorphies

• Possess internal cellulose plates

• Paired flagella, reside within girdle and sulcus

Characteristics

• Abundant in phytoplankton

• Photosynthetic

• Heterotrophic

• Unicellular or colonial