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Sahara Desert

made up mostly of rock and less than 25% sand, this desert covers much of northern Africa and is the largest non-polar desert and at times, the hottest region on Earth

Nile River

longest river in the world; it flows north from East Africa to the Mediterranean Sea and gave rise to the Egyptian civilization

Pryamid

huge, stone tomb with four triangle-shaped sides that meet in a point on top

Papyrus

plant whose stems are used to make a kind of paper and other items used in daily life

Pharaoh

title used by rulers of Ancient Egypt; well-known examples include Djoser, Ramses the Great, Tut, Hatshepsut, Khufu, and Cleopatra

Dynasty

series of rulers from the same family whose members govern one after another over a long period of time; often associated with Chinese and Egyptian families

Mummies

specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth

Lower Egypt

region of Egypt located downriver (closest to the mouth) in relation to the Nile's flow

Upper Egypt

located on the west side of the Nile across from the the city of Thebes, it is an area of desert canyons where many pharaohs and important Egyptians were buried

hieroglyphics

Egyptian writing system of symbols and pictures

Valley of the kings

located on the west side of the Nile across from the the city of Thebes, it is an area of desert canyons where many pharaohs and important Egyptians were buried