1.2 and 1.3 - Cytology

TEM

What type of microscopy is this?

SEM

What type of microscopy is this?

Light microscopy

What type of microscopy is this?

E-face

face of the plasma membrane that faces the extracellular matrix

P-face

face of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm

Passive transport

doesn't require energy

Active transport

movement against the concentration gradient that requires the input of energy

vesicular transport

transportation of material into or out of the cell membrane by bound vesicles

Exocytosis

release of material via vesicular transport. Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release cellular products

Exocytosis

What is this an example of?

Regulated secretion

vesicles congregate near plasma membrane awaiting a signal to release into the extracellular space

mast cells

Example of a regulated secretion

Constitutive secretion

continuous secretion that doesn't need a signal leading to a lack of accumulation around the membrane

Plasma cells

Example of constitutive secretion

Endocytosis

uptake of material via vesicular transport

Plasma membrane

During endocytosis, what folds to form the vesicle containing the inbound material

Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor mediated endocytosis

3 types of endocytosis

pinocytosis

cellular drinking found in all cells. drinks the water and small dissolved solutes using pinocytotic vesicles

giving water to lysosomes and maintaining cell size

2 important functions of pinocytosis

pinocytosis

What is this an example of - endothelial cells lining capillaries and sucking fluid from the lumen to be used by the cell

Phagocytosis

cellular eating by engulfing large particles, cell debris, and bacteria

pseudopodia

extensions of a cell that is phagocytizing that engulf material

phagosomes

The vesicles created by pseudopodia after engulfing material

give to lysosome or present to immune cell

2 things that a phagocytotic cell can do with the material it collects

Phagocytosis of a macrophage

What is this a picture of

Receptor mediated endocytosis

when a ligand/molecule binds to its certain receptor on the cell surface and is then brought into the cell

Heterochromatin

A

nuclear pores

B

Nuclear envelope

C

chromatin

D - all the stuff in the middle (general)

nucleolus

E

Euchromatin

F

Euchromatin

uncoiled DNA undergoing active transcription that is electron lucent

Heterochromatin

condensed DNA that is inactive and is electron dense

1

Which cell is more active

Ribosomes

translate mRNA and synthesizes proteins

cytoplasmic proteins

What type of proteins do free ribosomes make

secretory proteins

what type of proteins to ER-bound proteins make

rER

interconnected, flattened membranous sacs for protein synthesis

ribosomes

What can be found on the outside surface of the rER

cisterna

the inner lumen of the rER

cisterna

where do the rER ribsosomes deposit the proteins

rER

What is this a picture of

making secretory proteins

what could be the function of this cell

Golgi apparatus

the UPS of the cell responsible for receiving and shipping proteins synthesized by the rER

cis face

the face of the golgi that faces the rER

trans face

the face of the golgi that faces the membrane

Golgi apparatus

B

rER

A

Lysosomes

Little packages of whatever enzyme the cell may need that can process and degrade its contents

True

T/F - lysosomes will fuse with autophagosomes, endocytotic vesicles, and occasionally phagosomes

mitochondria

site of ATP synthesis used for chemical conversion

Smooth and folded

What are the 2 membrane types of the mitochondria

cristae

Inner layer of MOST mitochondria that is shelf-like

vesicular mitochondria

rare mitochondria that has tubular folds instead of cristae

steroid hormone producing cells

In what type of cells can vesicular mitochondria be found

vesicular mitochondria

Identify this photo

Mitochondria

Identify this photo

smooth ER

interconnected membrane-closed tubules that synthesize steroid hormones and lipids and is present in ALL cells

rER

top arrow

smooth ER

bottom arrow

cytoskeleton

upholds the cell shape, functions in motility, and interacts with the ECM

Actin

the smallest filament that helps anchor cells to eachother and the ECM. Can also help with movement

Actin

Identify this picture

intermediate filaments

Filament that functions in cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion and is very strong. Can be made up of a variety of materials (ex. keratin, neurofibrils)

intermediate filaments

identify this yellow arrow

microtubules

the largest cytoskeletal component that provides rigidity, aids in intracellular transport, and aids in movement of the cell, cilia, and flagella

a lumen

When looking at actin and microtubules, what makes it a microtubule

microtubules

Identify this photo

Inclusions

Additional molecules or substances found within the cytosol that are not membrane bound

Glycogen, pigment, and lipids

3 examples of inclusions that may be found in the cytosol