Labor and Migration

Labor

expenditure of physical or mental effort especially when difficult or compulsory.

Labor

primary factor of production.

Migration

movement of people from one place to another with the intent to settle

Push and Pull Factors

two categories of factors that influence people’s decisions to migrate

Push factors

occur where someone decides to leave; could be political unrest, a lack of job opportunities, or overcrowding

Pull factors

occur in a potential destination and make it an attractive place to migrate to; better job

opportunities or having relatives or friends who have already moved to this location

Labor migration

refers to migration for the main purpose of employment

Labor migrants

often work in the informal sector and are usually exposed to abuses resulting from xenophobia and racism.

Labor sending

Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam

Labor sending and receiving

India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Thailand

Labor receiving

Middle East, Brunei Darussalam, Taiwan (China), Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore