Black Consciousness University of Pittsburgh Exam 2

The New Negro

Alain Locke in in his 1925 “________: An Interpretation," It represented a departure from the old stereotypes and limitations imposed on African Americans by white society. It celebrated the cultural heritage and diversity of black Americans. The movement included writers, poets, musicians, and visual artists, who helped to shape the Harlem Renaissance, a period of artistic and cultural revival centered in Harlem, New York City.

Aimé Césaire

______ was a poet, playwright, and politician who is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the development of the Négritude movement. He became associated with the Surrealist movement and began to develop his own distinctive poetic style. In 1939, ____ co-founded the literary journal "Tropiques" with other Martinican writers, which promoted the concept of Négritude, a movement that celebrated black culture and heritage and aimed to counteract the negative stereotypes and racism that black people had faced in colonial societies.

Black Power

The _______ Movement was a social and political movement that emerged in the United States in the mid-1960s and continued through the 1970s. It was a response to the ongoing racial discrimination and violence experienced by African Americans, particularly in the aftermath of the Civil Rights Movement. The ____ Movement was characterized by a call for self-determination, racial pride, and economic empowerment for black people. The movement included a variety of groups and organizations, including the Black Panther Party, the Nation of Islam, and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), among others. These groups used a range of tactics, from community organizing and direct action to armed self-defense, to advance their goals.

Neocolonialism

_____ refers to the continued economic and political control of former colonies by foreign powers, even after formal political independence has been achieved. _____ often takes the form of economic exploitation, with former colonizing powers maintaining significant control over the natural resources and economies of their former colonies. This can include the use of debt, trade policies, and foreign investment to maintain economic dominance over former colonies. ___ can also involve the exercise of political control over former colonies, with foreign powers often supporting puppet governments or engaging in covert operations to influence the politics of former colonies. The influence of neocolonialism is often tied to issues of inequality, poverty, and political instability in former colonies.

Ujamaa

_____ was a social and economic policy implemented by Tanzania's first president, Julius Nyerere, in the 1960s and 1970s. _____, which means "familyhood" in Swahili, was based on the principle of collective ownership and communal living. The goal of ____ was to promote economic development and reduce poverty by encouraging Tanzanians to work together to build strong, self-sufficient communities. Under _____, Tanzania underwent a process of nationalization, with the government taking control of land and resources and establishing cooperative farms and villages. The policy emphasized the importance of communal labor, with citizens working together to build homes, schools, and other public infrastructure.

Ubuntu

____ is a philosophy and worldview that emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of all people and things. At its core, _____ emphasizes the importance of community, compassion, and respect for others. ____ has had a profound impact on the culture and politics of Southern Africa, particularly in the context of post-apartheid South Africa and the country's efforts to promote national unity and reconciliation, and has been used as a basis for restorative justice and conflict resolution.

Reaganomics

______ is a term used to describe the economic policies of the United States President in the 1980s. The policies were based on the principles of supply-side economics, which emphasized the importance of reducing taxes and government regulation in order to stimulate economic growth and increase productivity (trickle-down theory). The goal of ______ was to create a more business-friendly environment that would encourage investment, job creation, and economic growth. While ______ was popular among conservatives and business leaders, it was also criticized for its emphasis on reducing government regulation and the potential negative impact on social welfare programs and income inequality.

Banjo

A ____ is a musical instrument that is believed to have originated in West Africa and was brought to the Americas by enslaved Africans. The _____ has played an important role in the cultural history of the United States, particularly in the context of African American music and the development of country and bluegrass music. It has also gained popularity outside of the United States, particularly in countries such as Ireland and the United Kingdom, where it has been incorporated into traditional folk music.

W.E.B DuBois

An influential American sociologist, historian, author, and civil rights activist. Co-Founder of the NAACP.

Double Consciousness

Seeing yourself through the eyes of a dominant or oppressive society while also trying to maintain your own authentic identity.

Martin Luther King JR

Born in Atlanta, Georgia

• Studies theology at Morehouse college

• Studies systemic theology at boston college

• Exposed to personalism

Becomes first president of the southern christian leadership

Stokely Carmichael

Born in Port of Spain, Trinidad

• moves to Harlem (1952)

• Studies philosophy at howard university

• a founding member of the student non violent coordination committee SNCC

• promotes “black power” in response to shooting of james Meredith in 1966

Ida B. Wells

• Attends Rust and Fisk University and LeMoyne-Owen College

• Becomes a “teacher-turned-journalist”

• Publicizes lynchings in The Memphis Free Speech the Red Record

Booker T. Washington

• Born a slave in Hale’s ford Virgina

• Graduates from the Hampton Institute

• Founds the Tuskegee Normal and industrial institute

  • Develops the Tuskegee model

    • the Atlanta Compromise