English 131 - Exam 2: Dante's Divine Comedy

Tenza Rima

three line rhyme

Epic

long narrative

How long did the journey last?

24 hours - starts on Good Friday and ends on Easter

Revenna

place where real Dante died

How old was Dante when he wrote the comedy

36

Pope Boneface

power hungry and well educated - ordered Dante to be exiled from Florence or burned at the stake

What kind of city was Florence?

Very rich

What was the comedy done in?

Tenza Rima

Ante Inferno

Deep dark forest before Hell

Ghibellines

• Supported the Holy Roman Emperor and imperial authority across the Italian city-states.

• Composed primarily of the traditional feudal nobility and aristocratic landowners.

Guelphs

• Supported the Papacy and papal influence.

• Composed primarily of rich artisansa who favored Florentine self-governance.

• Dante fought for Guelphs

White Guelphs

Dante supported

Black Guelphs

ransacked Florence

Jubilee

the political parties gather to talk - organized by Pope Boniface

Canticle

There are three - Each end with star - Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven

Cantos

33 cantos in each canticle and a hundred in total

Conflicts

Man against, God, man, and nature

Pilgrims

on a journey for knowledge - specifically salvation in the story

Gemma Donati

betrothed to her at 12 - ugly - Dante did not like

Beatrice Portinani

Dante is in love with her- in story she is in heaven and Dante needs salvation to get to her

Four elements

fire, air, earth, and water

Shades

sinners in hell (naked)

Necromancy

ability to speak with the dead

Virgil

The guide Beatrice gets for Dante to get him through hell - pagen (can go through Hell), lives in Limbo, carried Verga

Limbo

no joy or sorrow - for people who came before Christianity

Verga

magic want to help keep them away from monsters

Ladies in Heaven protecting Dante

Mary, Rachel, Saint Lucy

Why does Dante always walk behind Virgil?

He is cowardly and fearful because he has no salvation

How many circles of Hell?

9

4 rivers of hell

Acheron, Styx, Phlagathon, and Cocytus

Cocytus

Frozen river in Hell where Satan is

lethe

Stream of forgetfulness in purgatory - Dante drinks it to forget Hell

4 Virtues

justice, temperance, fortitude, and wisdom

7 Deadly Sins

Pride, envy, wrath, sloth, avarice, gluttony, lust

Green

Hope

White

pure/faith

Red

love

purple

all the rest

Peccato

means sin in Italian

CORD

scholars not sure what it means

Guito

Great deceiver

Two times Virgil is very weak

Against shades and against devils - to show that he is still human

Worst sin

betrayal

Cerebrus

monster from Greek mythology - three headed, doglike beast who guards the gluttons

Ciacco

glutton - recognizes Dante and makes a prophecy concerning the political future of Florence(bloodshed)

Chiron

Centor

Charon

boats sinners to Hell to dump them

Minos

judge of hell - barring way to 2nd circle - times he wraps his tail against himself is how far sinners go down

Phlegyes

Boatmen across sticks - helps them boat to city of Dis

Plutus

lord of wealth - over miserly and prodigal

Miserly

hoard money

Prodigal

wastes money

Dis

lowest place of Hell - where Satan is

Simonism

People who do favors for the church for favors

Simmy

homosexuality

Serbrunetta Martini

Dante’s mentor in real life - homosexual

Malbolge

decending evil platues

Malakoda

leader of malbraneka

Malbraneka

devils

Three Beasts

leopard, lion, and she-wolf

Leopard

represents fraud

Loin

represents malice

She-wolf

represents intemperance

What do the gates of Hell say?

“Abandon Hope All Who Enter”

Forest

symbolizes the loss of salvation and faith

Francesca Di Rimi

pado - lust

Furies

Shapes of woman and small serpents/snakes for hair - they claw and tear at their own breasts with their nails and beat themselves with their palms while shrieking - when they see Virgil and Dante they call for Medusa

Harpies

Part beast part bird part woman - wail and moan

Heretics

Go against established church doctrine

Arch Heretics

beliefs different that established doctrine

Blasphemy

Outright speak out against church

Epicurean

Do not believe in salvation, heaven, and Hell

Beatrice

means blessed and beautiful

High tower

surrounds Dis

Virgo fist weakness

Can not get into Dis - trusted demons

Damed

can’t see future

Terrible stench

overwhelms Dante

Violent

against God, man, and nature

Minotaur

part man part bull - over ppl of violence

Chiron

Centaur that is full of wrath

Pholus

Centaur - drunk

Nessus

helps pilgrims

River of Blood

boils souls

Suicide

trees - dogs rip branches and it causes terrible pain

Oldman Cretes

was on Mount Ida and mad that mankind lost its innocence - when he becomes knowledgeable and loses his innocence he cries and that creates the rivers of hell

Sodomites

homosexuals

Tresor

Ser Brunetto’s book - he tells Dante to tell everyone remember him by the Tresor

Usurer

anyone who uses money that is payed with interest - greed

1st Circle of Hell

Limbo - no joy or sorrow - for people before Christianity

2nd Circle of Hell

lustfull - punishment consists of forever being whirled about a dark stormy wind not able to get to each other - Minos

3rd Circle of Hell

Gluttons - punishment consists in being mired in filthy muck and are eternally battered by cold and dirty hail, rain, and snow - Cerberus and ciacco

4th Circle of Hell

Prodigal and Miserly - clash hug rolling weights against each other with their chests - Plutus

5th Circle of Hell

River Styx serves as fifth circle - wrathful are in bog and constantly tear and mangle at each other. Beneath the slime of the Styx are the slothful - Phlegyas - Filippo Argenti

6th Circle of Hell

heretics are punished - burning inside metal tombs in the city of Dis

7th Circle of Hell

The violent - minotaur - Centaurs - river of boiling blood: those who inflicted violence against others - forest: those who inflicted violence against themselves(suicide) - burning sand: violence against nature: Blasphemers, Usurers, and Sodomites- Brunetto Latini

How were Furies created?

the testicles of Uranus was cut off and thrown into the ocean and the blood of the testicles dripped to create furries

Pimps, flatters, panderers

fraud - devil whips them and they have escarpment glued to them

phlegethon

boiling river of blood

Thais the whore

flattered her lover

Malbolge

ten evil pockets/ten descending vallys