APUSH Unit 3 Test Review

Long Term Causes of French & Indian War

• conflict between Spanish an England

• Colonial Expansion

• relation w/ Natives

• England and France —> rivalry

Immediate Causes of French & Indian War

France built forts in Ohio River Valley

- trade w/ New Orleans

-Very good port

Effects of the French and Indian War

• England spreads their control over Americas/France loses control over the Americas

• Treaty of Paris (1763)

• Colonial Identity

-British look down on the colonies, see them as a burden

Stamp Act

• established to pay back debts

• taxed printed papers

• Caused the formation of the Stamp Act Congress

• riots and protesting

Stamp Act Congress

Delegates from nine colonies that met in New York and sent formal petitions to Parliament

The Townshend Duties

• Placed taxes on imported goods: glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea

• boycotted

• led to the Boston Massacre

Boston Massacre

• customs officials seized John Hancock’s ship

• Britain sent troops to Boston to keep order

• soldiers fired on a crowd and killed five colonists.

The Tea Act

• Made tea cheaper than even smuggled Dutch tea, even with the tax.

• still boycotted (no consent to be taxed)

Boston Tea Party

• caused by heavy taxes, especially on tea

• Members of the Sons of Liberty, some disguised a Native Americans, boarded ships.

• They dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor.

Coercive/Intorable Acts

• Boston Port Act: Closed Boston Harbor until the city paid for the destroyed tea.

• Massachusetts Government Act: Sharply reduced self-government

• Administration of Justice Act: Allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in Britain or another colony

• Quartering Act: Let troops be housed in occupied buildings, including private ones if needed.

• Quebec Act: extended Quebec’s borders into the Ohio Valley and blocked their western ambitions.

-led to the First Continental Congress

-fighting at Lexington and Concord in 1775.

Sam Adams

-helped found the Sons of Liberty

-organized the Boston Tea Party.

James Otis

-general search warrants violated colonists’ rights.

-credited with the idea behind “taxation without representation.”

John Adams

-argued everyone deserved a fair trial

-wrote influential essays on rights and government

Paul Revere

-engraving of the Boston Massacre was powerful propaganda that shaped how colonists saw the event.

Patrick Henry

-introduced the Virginia Stamp Act Resolves

Thomas Jefferson

-drafted the Declaration of Independence

George Washington

-leader/veteran of the French and Indian War

-held the army together through hard years

Mercy Otis Warren

-wrote satirical plays attacking British officials and loyalists

-criticized the Constitution for lacking a bill of rights

Sarah Bradlee Fulton

-nursed wounded soldiers and carrying messages during the war

New England Phase

• Lexington & Concord (beginning)

• Bunker Hill

Middle States Phase

• Valley Forge (worst point)

• Saratoga (turning point & french alliance)

Southern Phase

• Yorktown (end)

• Treaty of Paris (1783)

The Declaration of Independence

• used enlightenment thinking (John Locke)

• social contract (give up rights for protection of rights)

Common Sense

• used plain, simple language

• make a case for independence

 Impact of War on society

• Loyalist: lost their property —> England & Canada

• Natives: Sided w/ the British —> lost land, Iroquois spilt

• Women: ran businesses and farms, republican motherhood (teach kids abt gov.)

• Slaves: British offered freedom —> Northern states start to abolish slavery, South slavery begins to grow

Characteristics of Articles of Confederation

• weak federal government

• couldn’t tax

• couldn’t regulate trade

• one house

Influences of Articles of Confederation

• Northwest Ordinance

-set rules for creating states, abolished slavery in the north

• Ordinance of 1785

-organized western land

Issues of the Articles of Confederation

• Congress couldn’t pay debts —> can’t tax

• Couldn’t enforce laws

-exposed by Shay’s Rebellion

Compromises of the Constitution

• Great Compromise

-HoR based on population, Sen. 2 per state

• 3/5 Compromise

-a slave counted as 3/5ths of a person for population counts/taxes

• Electoral College

-between congress voting and people voting

Ratification debate

• Federalist Papers: strong, federal government

• Anti-Federalist: feared tyranny —> Bill of Rights

Compromise: Bill of Rights

New government

• Judiciary Act: Federal court system & first cabinet

-Hamilton, Jefferson, Knox, Randolph

Hamilton’s Plan

• assume state debts

• national bank

• set tariff (excise tax)

 Foreign policy

• Neutrality Proclamation (1793)

• Citizen Genet (broke diplomacy)

• (John) Jay Treaty: got British troops out of the western frontier, didn’t stop impressment

• Pinckney Treaty: gave Americans access to Mississippi and New Orleans

-had to negotiate w/ Spain

Conflict with the Natives

• Americans won War of Fallen Timbers

• Americans gain access (but ignore the agreement) to Ohio

The Whiskey Rebellion

• showed how the federal governments could enforce laws and taxes

The Farewell Address (1796)

• -don’t get involved in foreign affairs

• don’t make "permanent alliances” in foreign affairs

• don’t form political parties

• don’t fall into sectionalism

Quasi-War

• after XYZ affair (bribes demanded by French agents)

• undeclared naval war

• smaller “war”

The Alien and Sedition Acts

• limited immigration and restricted speech critical of the government

• controversy over free speech and states’ rights.

• requirement for citizenship —> 5-14 yrs in America

 VA & KY Resolutions

• argued that states could challenge federal laws they believed were unconstitutional, strengthening the idea of states’ rights.