CH25 Nomenclature and Isomerism

One carbon prefix

Meth-

2 carbon prefix

eth-

3 carbon prefix

prop-

4 carbon prefix

but-

5 carbon prefix

pent-

6 carbon prefix

hex-

7 carbon prefix

hept-

8 carbon prefix

oct-

9 carbon prefix

non-

10 carbon prefix

dec-

1 carbon substituent

Methyl

2 carbon substituent

ethyl

3 carbon substituent

propyl

4 carbon substituent

butyl

2 substituent methyl groups

2,3 dimethyl

3 substituent methyl groups

2,2,3 trimethyl

Fluorine substituent group

fluoro-

Chlorine substituent group

Chloro-

Bromine substituent group

bromo-

Iodine substituent group

iodo-

Order of branch groups

Alphabetical order

Alcohol suffix

-ol

Alcohol with carbonyl group present prefix

hydroxy-

Aldehyde suffix

-al

Ketones suffix

-one

carboxylic acid suffix

-oic acid

amine suffix at end of chain

-amine

amine prefix other than end of chain

amino-

Aromatics fewer than 7 carbon chain long

-benzene

aromatics over 7 carbons long

phenyl-

Stereo isomerism definition

When two or more compounds have the same structural formula but differ in the arrangements of bonds in space.

E Z isomerism definition

a type of stereo isomerism that occurs in alkenes due to restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon double bond

Optical isomerism definition

Occurs when 4 different substituents are attached to one carbon atom resulting in 2 isomers with non superimposable mirror images that aren’t identical.

Optical isomers definition

pairs of molecules that differ in the way they rotate the plane of polarisation .

Chiral centre definition

The carbon that has 4 substituent groups attached also known as the asymmetrical carbon

Enantiomers definition

a pair of non superimposable optical isomers

Racemic mixture definition

a 50:50 mixture of two optical isomers that has no overall effect on plane polarised light.