Chemical Nomenclature and Formulas Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts of chemical nomenclature, formula representation, allotropes, compound types, ionic and covalent naming systems, polyatomic ions, and acid classification.

Chemical nomenclature

The systemic approach to naming chemical compounds.

Chemical formula

An expression that combines elemental symbols and subscripts to represent a compound and show its formula unit and atom ratios.

Allotropes

Different molecular forms of the same element, such as molecular oxygen ($O_2$) and ozone ($O_3$) for oxygen, or diamond and graphite for carbon.

Formula unit

The relative ratio of atoms or ions represented by a compound's chemical formula.

Covalent compound

A compound composed of nonmetal atoms bonded together via covalent bonding, existing as individual particles known as molecules.

Ionic compound

A compound composed of metal cations and nonmetal anions structured in an extended 3-D lattice network without distinct individual molecules.

Type I binary ionic compound

A binary ionic compound containing a metal cation that forms only one formal charge (fixed charge) and a simple nonmetal anion.

Type II binary ionic compound

A binary ionic compound containing a metal that can form two or more cations with different charges (variable charge), specified using a Roman numeral in parentheses.

Type III binary compound

A binary covalent compound formed between two nonmetals, named using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms present for each element.

Polyatomic ion

An ion composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together that act as a single charged unit, such as ammonium ($NH_4^+$) or sulfate ($SO_4^{2-}$).

Oxyanions

Polyatomic anions containing one central nonmetal atom bonded to a variable number of oxygen atoms.

Acids

Molecules containing one or more $H^+$ ions attached to an anion, recognized by hydrogen appearing first in the chemical formula.

Binary acid

An acid that does not contain oxygen, named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic attached to the root name of the anion, followed by acid.

Oxyacid

An acid containing oxygen in its polyatomic anion, named with the suffix -ic if the anion ends in -ate, or -ous if the anion ends in -ite.

Mercury(I) ion

A Type II cation formed by two mercury atoms bound together in pairs with a net charge of $2+$, represented as $Hg_2^{2+}$.