Ap Psych Unit 4 reading 4 Social-Emotional development across the lifespan: infancy and childhood

Separation anxiety

infants experience ___ when away from caregivers

Contact comfort

like other infants clinging to their live mothers, anxious monkey babies would cling to their cloth mothers, soothed by this ___

critical period

an optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development

responsive, demanding

Parenting styles can be described as a combination of two traits: how ____ and how ____ parents are

authoritarian

___parents are coercive. They impose rules and expect obedience: “Don’t interrupt.” “Keep your roo clean.” “Don’t stay out late or you’ll be grounded.” “Why? Because I said so.”

permissive

____ parents are unrestraining. They make few demands, set few limits, and use little punishment.

neglectful

____ parents are uninvolved. They are neither demanding nor responsive. They are careless and inattentive, and do not seek a close relationship with their children.

authoritative

____ parents are confrontive. They are both demanding and responsive. They exert control by setting rules, but, especially with older children, they encourage open discussion and allow exceptions.

epigenetic

extreme trauma in childhood can alter the brain, affecting stress responses or leaving ____ marks.

selection effect

And teens who start vaping or smoking typically have friends who model smoking, suggest its pleasures, and share supplies Part of this peer similarity may result from a ____

emerging adulthood

a period from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many persons in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults.

social clock

the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.

trust and mistrust

infancy to 1 year

Autonomy, shame, and doubt

toddlerhood 1-3 years

initiative and guilt

preschool 3-6 years

competence and inferiority

elementary school 6- puberty

identity and role confusion

adolescence teen-20

intimacy and isolation

young adulthood 20-40

generativity and stagnation

middle adulthood 40-60

integrity and despair

late adulthood

ecological systems theory

theory of the social enviornments influence of human development ranging from direct and indirect influences

stranger anxiety

fear of strangers that infants display

imprinting

process by which certain animals from strong attachments during early life

strange situation

mary ainsworth procedure for studying child0caregiver attachment

secure attachment

infants who comfortably explore enviornments of their caregiver

insecure attachment

infants who display a clinging, anxious, or avoidance attachment who resist closeness

temperament

persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

basic trust

a sense tht the world is predictable and trustworthy

self concept

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves

identity

our sense of self

intimacy

ability to form close loving relationships

social clock

culturally preffered timing of social events