chapter 1-4 quizzes RS research behavior and stats

Amanda asked 20 subjects to use a new elliptical exercise machine for 45 minutes. Afterward, she asked the subjects to rate how good they felt and found that they all felt “really buff.” This was not a true experiment because it lacked _____.

2 treatment conditions

Data are empirical when they are _____.

observable or experienced, and verifiable through investigation

In experiments, researchers most often achieve control over possible explanations by _____.

1. presenting a treatment condition in an identical manner to all subjects

2. random assignment of subjects to different treatment conditions or use of within-subjects designs

3. keeping the environment, the procedures, and the measuring instruments constant for all subjects in the experiment

In _____, researchers repeat published studies to confirm their findings.

replication

Psychologists often study unobservable processes, like feelings, by defining them in terms of _____ events.

observable

Science replaces old explanations and theories when _____.

new explanations and theories receive greater support

Theories are explanations of events that _____.

are supported by a majority of studies and provide interim explanations

Treatments are specific sets of _____ that are created in a psychology experiment.

antecedent conditions

When there are several competing explanations of a scientific finding, the principle of _____ gives preference to the simplest one

parsimony

When we have procedures for manipulating the setting and the predicted outcomes are observable, our predictions are _____.

testable

Deliberate deception may be acceptable in a psychology experiment if ____.

the experimental hypothesis cannot be tested without misleading research subjects

Federal law requires that an institutional review board be comprised of ____.

both laypeople and researchers

Final responsibility for conducting ethical research rests with the ____.

principle

Informed consent means that ____.

subjects agree to participate in a study after receiving complete information about the nature and purpose of the study

Research ethics ____.

articulate scientists’ sense of right and wrong

Samantha has developed an original research proposal. Since her psychology experiment involves human subjects, she will have to submit it to the campus ____.

irb

The guideline concerning ____ may be violated whenever deception is used in a psychological experiment.

informed consent

The primary concern of an institutional review board is to ____.

ensure that the safety of research participants is adequately protected

The term, ____, refers to a researcher’s responsibility to explain the nature and purpose of a study to subjects at the end of an experiment.

debriefing

When a panel determines whether the potential benefits of a study outweigh risks to subjects, they are performing a ____.

risk/benefit analysis

A social psychologist secretly joined a coupon traders group to study its recruitment strategies. She only gathered qualitative data since exposure could result in her removal from the group. Which research Method did she use?

 

participant-observer study

A ____ consists of a descriptive record of one person’s experiences and/or behaviors compiled by an outside observer

case study

Frazz observes the number of donuts the faculties consume in the lunchroom while he mops the floor. Which approach did he use?

field study

Research that relies on words rather than numbers for data is called _____.

qualitative

Sarah analyzed data from a national cancer registry to pinpoint likely sites where groundwater has been contaminated by carcinogens. Her re-examination of existing records illustrates which nonexperimental design?

archival study

We should use nonexperimental methods when _____.

an experiment would be unethical or not possible

what distinguishes a field study from a field experiment

a field study does not directly manipulate antecedent conditions while a field experiment does manipulate them

Which descriptive method is extensively used by ethologists to observe animal behavior in natural settings?

naturalistic observation

these might reduce the accuracy of retrospective data

1. cognitive processes may unconsciously reconstruct memories

 2. aspects of a situation may trigger unrelated memories

3. mood may influence the type of events (positive or negative) that subjects recall

Your baby sister turns cartwheel after cartwheel until you try to capture her play on your iPhone. This illustrates the problem of _____.

reactivity

a low survey return rate signals a potential problem with

sample bias

a reliable survey should possess all of these qualities except:

1. The survey should generate very similar responses if given to the same person multiple times

2. The survey should generate very similar responses across different survey-givers

3. The survey should measure what you want it to measure

4. Responses to similar questions in the survey should be consistent

3. the survey should measure what you want it to measure

Igor was fascinated by alien abduction stories and wanted to administer a survey to people who claim to be abductees. Since this is a unique Population, he asked abductees for help in locating additional subjects. Igor used _____.

snowball sampling

Mercedes administered a survey concerning university sponsorship of religious organizations to her American National Government class because they were readily available. Which sampling method did she use?

convenience sampling

one way to control for response style when designing a questionnaire with yes/no items is to

phrase questions so that a high score required both yes and no answers

Researchers systematically categorize responses to open-ended questions like “How do you cheer your friends up when they are down?” This process is called _____.

content analysis

researchers use buffer items to control problems due to___

context affects

To increase sampling precision, researchers may randomly sample from subjects in each subgroup in the same proportions that exist in the population. This technique is called _____.

stratified random sampling

which of the following statements

1. Performance on the survey predicts actual behavior describe a valid story?

2. The survey measures what you want it to measure

3. The survey provides the same results as other surveys designed to measure similar topics

4. all of these are correct

4. all of these are correct

which statement about surveys is false?

1. Surveys allow us to directly test hypotheses about causal relationships

2. Surveys are low in the manipulation of antecedents

 3. Survey data can help us draw inferences about behavior

4. Surveys are combined with many kinds of research designs in the field and laboratory

surveys allow us to directly test hypotheses about casual relationships