Medical Terminology: Master Exam Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering combining forms, prefixes, suffixes, clinical pathologies, pharmacology classes, diagnostic/surgical procedures, and spinal column anatomy.

hem/o, hemat/o

Blood

cyt/o

Cell

erythr/o

Red

leuk/o

White

thromb/o

Blood clot

tonsill/o

Tonsils

aden/o

Gland

thym/o

Thymus gland

splen/o

Spleen

myel/o

Bone marrow; spinal cord

ser/o

Serum

poikil/o

Varied, irregular

nephr/o, ren/o

Kidney

pyel/o

Renal pelvis

ureter/o

Ureter

cyst/o, vesic/o

Bladder

urethr/o

Urethra

meat/o

Opening, meatus

glomerul/o

Glomerulus

keton/o

Ketone bodies (acids and acetones)

py/o

Pus

olig/o

Scanty, diminished

kal/i

Potassium

azot/o

Nitrogenous products

lith/o

Stone, calculus

cerebr/o

Cerebrum

cerebell/o

Cerebellum

thalam/o

Thalamus

medull/o

Medulla oblongata; marrow

crani/o

Cranium (skull)

kinesi/o

Movement

encephal/o

Brain

gangli/o

Ganglion (knot or knotlike mass)

neur/o

Nerve

radicul/o

Nerve root

thec/o

Sheath (referring to meninges)

ventricul/o

Ventricle (of heart or brain)

narc/o

Stupor; numbness; sleep

gli/o

Glue; neuroglial tissue

mening/o, meningi/o

Meninges (membranes)

esthesi/o

Feeling, sensation

alveol/o

Alveolus (air sac)

laryng/o

Larynx (voice box)

nas/o, rhin/o

Nose

pleur/o

Pleura

pharyng/o

Pharynx (throat)

trache/o

Trachea (windpipe)

pulmon/o, pneum/o, pneumon/o

Lung; air

bronch/o, bronchi/o

Bronchus

bronchiol/o

Bronchiole

thorac/o

Chest

phren/o

Diaphragm; mind

orth/o

Straight

muc/o

Mucus

cyan/o

Blue

cardi/o, coron/o

Heart

atri/o

Atrium

sept/o

Septum

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

Vessel (blood or lymph)

arteri/o

Artery

ather/o

Fatty plaque

phleb/o, ven/o

Vein

sphygm/o

Pulse

sten/o

Narrowing, stricture

isch/o

Suppression, holding back

electr/o

Electricity

valv/o, valvul/o

Valve

gastr/o

Stomach

hepat/o

Liver

pancreat/o

Pancreas

enter/o

Intestine (usually small intestine)

gingiv/o

Gum(s)

lingu/o

Tongue

-scope

Instrument used to visually examine

-scopy

Visual examination procedure

-tomy

Incision, cutting into

-stomy

Forming an artificial opening (mouth)

-ectomy

Surgical excision, removal

-centesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid

-lysis

Separation, destruction, loosening, dissolving

-tripsy

Crushing

-penia

Deficiency, abnormal decrease

-poiesis

Formation, production

-ectasis

Expansion, dilation

-stenosis

Narrowing, stricture

-plegia

Complete paralysis

-paresis

Partial paralysis or motor weakness

-emesis

Vomiting

-uria

Urination, condition of urine

-oma

Tumor

-itis

Inflammation

-pathy

Disease

-megaly

Enlargement

-prandial

Meal

post-

After, behind

sub-

Under, below

endo-

In, within

Sickle Cell Anemia

Genetic anemia characterized by rigid, crescent- or sickle-shaped red blood cells that occlude capillaries.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Severe coagulopathy where microvascular clotting exhausts platelets and clotting factors, leading to petechiae and massive hemorrhage.

Petechiae

Minute, pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin or mucous membranes caused by capillary bleeding.