Animal Science (Pigs)

Pig Production

Why is pig production important in Ireland?

3rd most important agricultural enterprise, ~6.5% output, ~8,300 employed

How many pigs are in Ireland?

1.53 million pigs

What % of global pork is produced in China?

~45%

Why are pigs efficient?

Convert feed to meat efficiently (non-ruminants)

What is a barrow?

Castrated male pig

What is a gilt?

Young female pig (not yet farrowed)

What is a finisher pig?

35 kg → slaughter (~115–120 kg)

What is the most common pig breed worldwide?

Large White

Key traits of Large White?

Fast growth, large litters, lean meat

What is Landrace used for?

Crossbreeding, bacon production

What is Duroc known for?

Hardiness and meat quality

What is Pietrain known for?

Very lean, muscular, high carcass yield

What is the main sow type used?

F1 hybrid (Large White × Landrace)

What are the 4 stages of pig production

Breeding → Farrowing → Nursery → Finishing

Gestation length in pigs?

114–115 days

When does oestrus occur after weaning

5–7 days

How long does oestrus last?

2–3 days

When does ovulation occur?

48 hours after onset of heat

Why are farrowing crates used?

Reduce piglet mortality (crushing)

Temperature for sow vs piglets?

Sow: 18°C, Piglets: 34°C

Feeding rule for lactating sow?

2 kg + 0.5 kg per piglet

Why are piglets given iron injections?

Prevent anaemia (low iron at birth)

When are piglets weaned in EU?

3–4 weeks

Problems at weaning?

Stress, growth check, mixing litters

Slaughter weight of pigs?

118 kg

Which feed stage is most expensive?

Fattener (~58%)

Why is pig welfare important?

Affects productivity, health, meat quality