Upper extremity muscles

Trapezius

Action: upper: elevate & upward rotation, Middle: adduct, Lower: depress & upward rotation of the scapula

Insertion- clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Origin-spine

Innervation- accessory nerve

Levator scapulae

Action: elevate & downward rotate scapula

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Origin: cervical vertebra

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid major and minor

Action: adduction, elevation, & downward rotation of scapula

Insertion: middle border and spine of scapula

Origin: spine

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Serratus Anterior

Action: Abduction, upward rotation, depression of scapula

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Origin: ribs

Innervation: long thoracic nerve

Pec minor

Action: depression, abduction & downward rotation of scapula

Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Origin: ribs

Innervation: medial pectoral nerve

Infraspinatus

Action: ER of humerus

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Origin: scapula

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Teres minor

Action: ER of humerus

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Origin: scapula

Innervation: axillary nerve

Supraspinatus

Action: abduction of humerus

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Origin: scapula

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Subscapularis

Action: IR of humerus

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Origin: scapula

Innervation: subscapular nerve ( upper and lower)

Teres major

Action: IR, extend & adduct the humerus

Insertion: lesser tubercle

Origin: scapula

Innervation: subscapular nerve (lower)

Deltoid

Action: Anterior- flex, IR, & Horizontal adducts; Middle- abducts; Posterior- extends, ER, & horizontal abduct

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (on the humerus)

Origin: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Innervation: axillary nerve

Coracobrachialis

Action: Flex, adduct the shoulder

Insertion: Mid humeral shaft (medial)

Origin: coracoid process of scapula

Innervation:Musculocutaneous nerve

Pec major

Action: Clavicular- flex, horizontally adduct, adduct & IR; sternocostal- extend, adduct, & IR

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Origin: clavicle, sternum, & ribs

Innervation: pectoral nerve

Lat

Action: Extend, adduct, & IR

Insertion: Intertubcular groove of humerus

Origin: spine (thoracic vertebrae) , ribs, & iliac crest

Innervation: thoracodorsal (middle or long scapular nerve) nerve

Biceps

Action: flex’s the elbow & supinate forearm

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Origin: short head- coracoid process of scapula; long head- supraglenoid of scapula

Innervation: Musculocutaneous

Brachialis

Action: Flex the elbow

Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulnar

Origin: distal half of humerus

Innervation: Musculocutaneous

Brachioradialis

Action: Flex the elbow (assist pronation and supination)

Insertion: radial styloid

Origin: proximal 2/3 of lateral suprocondylar ridge of humerus

Innervation: Radial nerve

Tricep

Action: extends the elbow

Insertion: olecranon process of ulnar

Origin: long head- scapula, lateral head- humerus, & medial head- humerus

Innervation: radial nerve

Anconeus

Action: extends the elbow

Insertion: olecranon process (ulna)

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Innervation: radial nerve

Supinator

Action: supination of forearm

Insertion: radial shaft

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Innervation: radial nerve

Pronator Teres

Action: pronation of forearm

Insertion: middle of radius

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Innervation: median nerve

Pronator Quadratus

Action: Pronation of forearm

Insertion: distal radius

Origin: distal ulna

Innervation: median nerve

Flexor carpi radialis

Action: flex & radially deviate the wrist

Insertion: base of metacarpals

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Innervation: median nerve

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Action: Flex and ulnarly deviate the wrist

Insertion: base of metacarpal (pisform and hook of gamete)

Origin: medial epicondyle

Innervation: ulnar nerve

Palmaris Longus

Action: flex the wrist

Insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Origin: medial epicondyle

Innervation: median nerve

Flexor digitorum superficiais

Action: flex the fingers(PIP) & wrist

Insertion: middle phalanges of 2-5 fingers

Origin: medial epicondyle

Innervation: median nerve

Flexor digitorum profundus

Action: flex fingers(DIP) & wrist

Insertion: base of distal phalanges 2-5

Origin: medial epicondyle (ulna)

Innervation: median nerve for 2& 3 and ulnar nerve for 4&5

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Action: flex the thumb (IP, MCP, CMC)

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

Origin: anterior surface of radius

Innervation: median nerve