Week 2: Neck Bones, Fascia, & Superficial Structures

The hyoid bone is at what level?

C3-C4

The hyoid bone (does/does not) articulate with other bones and is suspended by ___

Does not, muscles

The hyoid keeps the airway ___

Open

What are the three general parts of the hyoid?

Body, greater horn, lesser horn

The cricoid cartilage is just ___ to the thyroid cartilage

Inferior

Subcutaneous fat lies between the dermis and the ___ layer of ___ ___ ___

Investing, deep cervical fascia

Which muscle lies in the cervical subcutaneous fat?

Platysma

Investing fascia surrounds ___

Muscles

The ___ ___ fascia supports the visceral, muscles, vessels, and lymph nodes of the deep neck

Deep cervical

The ___ ___ encloses the carotid arteries and internal jugular veins. The compartments on each side are connected by the ___ fascia

Carotid sheath, alar

The most superficial of the deep cervical fascia is the ___ ___

Investing fascia

The cervical investing fascia invests which two muscles?

Trapezius and SCM

The cervical investing fascia encloses which two glands?

Submandibular, parotid

The ___ fascia is limited to the anterior neck and extends to blend with the ___ pericardium

Pretracheal, fibrous

Dental infections can pass pathogens through which tunnel to cause pericarditis?

Pretracheal

The superior and posterior part of the pretracheal fascia is known as the ___ fascia, surrounding the muscles of the ___

Buccopharyngeal, pharynx

What are the two parts of the pretracheal fascia?

Muscular and visceral

The muscular part of the pretracheal fascia encloses the ___ muscles

Infrahyoid

The visceral part of the pretracheal fascia encloses the ___ gland, ___, and ___

Thyroid, trachea, esophagus

The ___ ___ composes a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and its associated muscles

Prevertebral fascia

Name the 3 anterior muscles enclosed by the prevertebral fascia

Longus colli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior

Name the 3 anterolateral muscles enclosed by the prevertebral fascia

Anterior, middle, posterior scalenes

Name the 4 lateral muscles enclosed by the prevertebral fascia

Rectus capitis lateralis, levator scap, splenius mm., semispinalis mm.

The superior attachment of the prevertebral fascia is the ___

Base of the skull

The inferior attachment of the prevertebral fascia is the ___

Endothoracic fascia

The anterior attachment of the prevertebral fascia is the ___

Transverse processes and vertebral bodies

The posterior attachment of the prevertebral fascia is the ___

Nuchal ligament

The prevertebral fascia fuses with what ligament?

ALL

The floor of the prevertebral fascia surrounds the ___ plexus and ___ artery, forming the ___ sheath

Brachial, subclavian, axillary

The carotid sheath extends downward from the ___ of the skull into the thorax at the level of the ___ ___

Base, aortic arch

What are the three main contents of the carotid sheath?

Common carotid artery, IJV, vagus nerve

Anteriorly, the carotid sheath blends with the ___ and ___ fascia

Investing, pretracheal

Posteriorly, the carotid sheath blends with the ___ fascia

Prevertebral

The most significant interfascial space in the head and neck is the ___ ___

Retropharyngeal space

The RPS lies between the ___ layer of the ___ ___ fascia and the ___ fascia of the pharynx

Prevertebral, deep cervical, pretracheal

The ___ fascia divides the RPS

Alar

The RPS opens inferiorly into the ___

Mediastinum

The ___ ___ enclose the RPS on each side

Carotid canals

The SCM region of the neck contains the ___ ___ fossa

Anterior supraclavicular

What are the four triangles of the anterior cervical region?

Submandibular, carotid, submental, muscular/omotracheal

What are the two triangles of the lateral cervical region?

Occipital, omoclavicular/subclavian

The SCM, superior part of EJV, greater auricular nerve, and transverse cervical nerve are contents of the ___ ___

SCM region

The inferior part of the IJV is a content of the ___ ___ ___

Lesser supraclavicular fossa

The carotid triangle includes all contents of the ___ ___

Carotid sheath

The ___ gland almost fills the entirety of the submandibular triangle

Submandibular

CN XII, mylohyoid nerve, and parts of the facial artery/vein are contents of the ___ triangle

Submandibular

The anterior jugular vein is formed within the ___ triangle

Submental

The sternothyroid and sternohyoid, thyroid, and parathyroid are contents of the ___ triangle

Omotracheal

The ___ region divides the neck into anterior and lateral regions

SCM

The posterior cervical region is posterior to the ___ border of trapezius

Anterior

The anterior border of the posterior triangle (lateral cervical region) is the ___

Posterior border of SCM

The posterior border of the posterior triangle (lateral cervical region) is the ___

Anterior border of trap

The inferior border of the posterior triangle (lateral cervical region) is the ___

Middle 1/3 clav

The apex of the posterior triangle (lateral cervical region) is where ___

SCM and trap meet

The roof of the posterior triangle (lateral cervical region) is the ___

Investing deep cervical fascia

The floor of the PCT is formed by ___ fascia covering ___

Prevertebral, muscles

What arteries lie within the PCT/lateral cervical region?

Lateral branches of thyrocervical trunk

What veins lie within the PCT?

EJV, subclavian, brachiocephalic

What nerves lie within the PCT?

CN XI, roots of brachial plexus, suprascapular, cervical plexus

The anterior border of the ACR/anterior triangle is the ___

Median line of neck

The posterior border of the ACR/anterior triangle is the ___

Anterior border of SCM

The superior border of the ACR/anterior triangle is the ___

Inferior border of mandible

The apex of the ACR/anterior triangle is the ___

Jugular notch

The roof of the ACR/anterior triangle is the ___

Subcutaneous tissue covering platysma

The floor of the ACR/anterior triangle is composed of which three structures?

Pharynx, larynx, thyroid