organic hort

USDA certification by accredited certifying agents is offered free of charge for any interested producer or handler.

False

The triple bottom line of sustainability refers to environmental sustainability, social sustainability and ___________ sustainability.

Economic

Certified Organic farms must have accurate and up-to-date records for the current season and the previous 5 calendar years.

False

Agroecology creates barriers between disciplines and schools of thought, ensuring components of a system are evaluated independently of one another.

False

Conventional farming uses the most modern technologies, while organic farming is best described as old-fashioned farming.

False

Sustainability indeces rely on observation and measurement. What is the term for key components that can be observed and measured?

Indicators

The label pictured below is a label currently used for products in Europe.

False

Low input sustainable agriculture (LISA) has been criticized because it had the wrong focus:

It should focus on outcomes, not inputs

Areas between organically managed and conventionally managed sites are referred to as ______________.

buffer zones

Sustainability can affect more than the natural environment. What environment refers to businesses and agriculture, generally?

managed environment

In 1979, this chemical (which was an active ingredient in the infamous 'Agent Orange') was banned from production, distribution and sales in the U.S.

2,4,5-T

Sustainability can affect many environments, not just the natural environment. The "Built Environment" in class refers to what?

buildings, structures, utilities and roadways

Animal products, such as fish emulsion, are never allowed in certified organic production.

false

"Farm to Fork" analysis best describes which sustainability index?

life cycle assessment

Grafting tomatoes to different rootstocks was an example of one way to pursue which sustainability principle presented in class?

water conservation

Indicate which of the following are true.

A. 3x more US farms use chemical fertilizers than use manure

10x more acreage of US farms use chemical fertilizer than use manure

Please click on the label that is an example of a certiication for social sustainability outcomes.

fair trade certified

Which organization is respnosible for review of materials and pesticides for use in organic production?

OMRI

The first pesticide example in lecture was from 1200 BCE and used to destroy fields of conquered enemies.

salt and ash

Crop insurance is available for specialty crops.

ture

The U.S. federal government has no clear definition for sustainability, and there are constant debates over the legal definition of the term.

false

This 1930's event was an example of a major shortcoming and environmental catastrophe, resulting from common practices of traditional, conventional agriculture.

dust bowl

Which of these is not a focus area of the Environmental Performance Index?

poverty alleviation

How many years must a property be managed under the national organic standards to be considered in compliance under the NOP?

3 years

This 15 member body makes recommendations to the USDA-AMS regarding the National Organic Program:

National organic standards board

In the 16th century, rapid population growth was observed in Europe and was beginning to outpace food production. One thinker anticipated this trajectory would lead to mass starvation and hunger, commonly referred to as a(n) _____________.

Malthusian catastrophe

In organic production systems, the same management strategies will be effective and recommended in all environments.

false

In addition to loss of organic certification, knowling not following, not recording, or misrepresenting the organic system plan could result in fines of _______ per violation.

$10,000

Certified organic production does not allow synthetic fertilizers, unless it is for adding macronutrients such as nitrogen, potassium or phosphorus.

false

A contentious issue for certfied organic production is that the organic system plan includes a ___________ plan, which would never be addressed by hydroponic production.

soil fertility

Click on the item that was used in class as an example of a component and component analysis?

singular gear

Please match the production system with its relative position on the sustainability continuum.

a, b, c, d, e

Initial driving forces for sustainable and organic production were consumers and public interest. What groups and phenomena have served as the new driving force?

Governments, taxes, and regulations

Click on the logo that was introduced by the OFPA and follows NOP guidelines.

USDA organic

Rachel Carson wrote this book to raise awareness of the harmful environmental effects of many pesticides.

silent spring

Please click on the Venn diagram that best represents a sustainable agricultural system.

(left), sustainable in the center

Systems analysis is more holistic and encompassing that component analysis.

true

Which of these logos is a federally certified program? (Please click on the logo)

USDA organic

As a form of sustainable agriculture, organic production systems should follow the principles of sustainable production.

ture

Which of the following is not a Land Grant University?

tulane university

Mark all that apply. The purposes of the NOP include:

Establish national standards governing the marketing of certain agricultural products as organically produced products

To assure consumers that organically produced products meet a consistent standard

To facilitate interstate commerce in fresh and processed food that is organically produced

This class of herbicides, which mimic a plant hormone, were first discovered and commercialized in 1939.

auxins

In 1999, the world population exceeded 9 billion.

false

In 2002, the word "organic" is defined and regulated by the EPA.

false

Which of the following is true about certified organic seed and plant material?

no synthetic seed treatments are allowed

Conventional agriculture uses both traditional pest control methods and integrated pest management.

true

Nature farming is a method that works to harmonize agriculture and natural lands. We reviewed three forms, including the system described by Masanobu Fukuoka. What was his book titled?

the one straw revolution

Sustainable and organic production systems are a reaction-based system.

false

This federal act established the land grant univesity system in the United States.

morril act

Please select which of the statements below is best aligns with our lecture videos and course discussions:

Sustainability calculators are most useful for growers, while scorecards are most useful for consumers

This organization reviews and approves materials to be added to the approved list of materials for certified organic production.

OMRI

Which of the following is not one of the three pillars of sustainability?

acedemic sustainability

Sustainable nutrient management is contingent on BMPs (e.g., proper fertilizer timing, proper rates). What does BMP stand for?

best management practices

It is impossible for an indicator to be predictive of future sustainability outcomes.

false

From a value added perspective, the certified USDA organic label generates a lot more relative value in local markets than at larger retail stores.

false

Known as the "Parent of Plant Nutrition", this researcher established the "Law of the Minimum".

justus von liebig

While sites may vary, a certifying agent will typically recommend a buffer zone (between conventional and organic procuition sites) to be what size?

25 to 30 feet wide

Meaningful sustainability metrics should be based on observational evidence and on measured values, meaning that these metrics should be: _____________ and ____________.

empirical and quantitative

In 1999 (and still today), diet-based diseases are recognized as the leading cause of illness and mortality in the United States.

true

________________ is defined as the product of a managed process through which microorganisms break down plant and animal materials into more available forms suitable for application to the soil.

compost

The secretary of agriculture is a position elected by a vote held by members of the National Organic Standards Board.

false

This book focused on the injustices and inhumane conditions of the American meat packing industry, increasing consumer awareness of these issues.

the jungle