Unit 2 Body Plane and Cavity Vocab.

Acromial

Pertaining to the acromion (point of the shoulder)

Antebrachial

Pertaining to the forearm

Antecubital

Pertaining to the area in the front of the elbow

Anterior (ventral)

Toward the front or belly-side of the body

Anteroposterior

Passing from the anterior (front) toward the posterior (back) of the body.

Axillary

Pertaining to the armpit

Bilateral

Pertaining to two sides

Brachial

pertaining to the upper arm

Buccal

pertaining to the cheek

Calcaneal

Pertaining to the heel bone

Carpal

Pertaining to the wrist

Caudal

Toward the tailbone

Cephalic

pertaining to the head, toward the head

Cephalocaudal

pattern of growth and development that proceeds from the head downward to the feet.

Cervical

pertaining to the neck

Coxal

pertaining to the hip

Cranial

pertaining to the skull

Crural

pertaining to the leg, specifically the shin bone

Cubital

pertaining to the elbow

Deep

More internal, further inside the body, away from the body surface

Digital

pertaining to the fingers or toes

Distal

situated farther away from the center of the body, the trunk, or the point where a limb is attached to the body.

External

outer part of the body

Femoral

pertaining to the thigh

Fibular

refers to the lateral side of the lower leg

Frontal

pertaining to the forehead

Genital

pertaining to the reproductive organs

Gluteal

pertaining to the buttcoks

inferior

positioned below or toward the feet

inguinal

pertaining to the groin

internal

inside the body

lateral

father away from the midline, toward the side of the body

left

the left-handed side of a person in a standard anatomical position

Lumbar

pertaining to the low back region and the 5 vertebrae between the chest and sacrum

Mammary

pertaining to the breast region

Medial

Toward the midline, or center, of the body

mental

pertaining to the chin

metacarpal

pertaining to the hard bones

midline

an imaginary center line splitting the body into right and left halves

nasal

pertaining to the nose

occipital

pertaining to the back of the head

olecranal (elbow)

pertaining to the olecranon (elbow) or the bony tip/pointy of the elbow

Oral

pertaining to the mouth

otic

pertaining to the ear

palmar

pertaining to the palm of the hand

parietal

pertaining to the outer wall of a body cavity

patellar

pertaining to kneecap (patella)

pectoral

pertaining to the chest

perineal

pertaining to the perineum (the patch of flesh between the penis or vulva and anus) plantar

plantar

pertaining to the sole or bottom surface of the foot

popliteal

pertaining to the back (hollow) of the knee

posterior (dorsal)

toward the back or rear side of the body

posteroanterior

passing from the posterior (back) toward the anterior (front) of the body

prone

lying face down with palms downward

proximal

situated nearer to the center of the body, the trunk, or the point where a limb attached to the body

pubic

refers to the genital region

right

the right-hand side of a person in the standard anatomical position

sacral

pertaining to the triangular bone at the base of the spine

scapular

pertaining to the scapula, shoulder blades located on the upper back

sternal

pertaining to the sternum (breastbone)

superficial

toward the body surface, closer to the skin

superior

positioned above or higher than another part of the body

supine

laying flat on back with palms facing upward

sural

relating to or located in the calf

tarsal

pertaining to the ankle

thoracic

pertaining to the chest

umbilical

pertains to the naval or belly button

unilateral

pertaining to one side

vertebral

relating to the spine or backbone

visceral

pertaining to the internal organs

transverse plane, horizontal plane, axial plane

divides the body horizontally into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions.

frontal plane, coronal plane

divides the body vertically into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

sagittal plane

divides the body vertically into right and left positions

Midsagittal plane, median plane

cuts straight down the exact middle of the body, creating two halves, the left and right side.

parasagittal plane

cuts off-center creating unequal left and right portions.

oblique plane

an imaginary flat surface that cuts through the body or organ at a slanted angle that is neither horizontal nor vertical

Anatomy

the study of body structures

physiology

is the study of the function of those structures

pathophysiology

is the study of disease

body cavities

are spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs and body structures

dorsal cavity

protects the organs and tissues within the back side of the body (cranial and spinal)

cranial cavity

is located within the skull and protects the brain

middle ear cavity

air filled space carved into a temporal bone, located between the ear drum and inner ear

orbital cavity

is a cone-shaped bony socket in the skull that protects the eye

nasal cavity

is an air filled space behind the nose, divided vertically by the nasal septum

oral cavity

is the mouth, bounded by lips, cheeks, and tongue, extending into the pharynx (throat)

spinal cavity

located within the spinal column and protects the spinal cord.

ventral cavity

protects the organs and tissues within the front side of the body. It is divided into 3 separate thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

thoracic cavity, chest cavity

protects the heart, lungs, esophagus, and major blood vessels that run through the chest.

diaphragm

is a large muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities; it plays an important role in breathing.

pleural cavity

is the space between the outside of the lungs and interior chest wall.

mediastinum

is the central compartment of the chest, located between the 2 lungs, and containing the heart, major blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and nerves.

pericardial cavity

is the small, fluid-filled space surrounding the heart. This is located within the mediastinum and lies between the layers of the pericardium, which is a protective sac the heart where the fluid helps reduce friction as the heart beats.

abdominal cavity

has the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, and parts of the large intestine.

Iliac crests

form the upper borders of the largest pelvic bone.

pelvic cavity

contains the urinary bladder, urethra, portions of the large intestine, and reproductive organs.

abdominopelvic cavity

the abdominal and pelvic and cavities make up the abdominopelvic cavity

Quadrant method

divides the abdominal region into four parts using vertical lines.

right upper quadrant

the upper right section of the abdomen, located beneath the rib cage. gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and large intestine.

left upper quadrant

contains the liver stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas and portions of the small and the large intestines.